Izinhlobo ezimbili zamaphutha ezimvelo ezihlukile zeamakhadibhodi kagwayi kagwayiinganxeshezelwa izindlela ezahlukahlukene.
Amaphutha esistimu anemithetho ethile eshintshayo. Ngemuva kokuhlonza usayizi kanye nokuqondisa kwabo, bangaxazululwa ngokulungiswa kwemishini noma ukuguqula imishini. Ngamaphutha ngengozi, kubonakala sengathi akunakuba njalo njalo ebusweni. Kodwa-ke, kusetshenziswa izindlela zezibalo zezibalo ukuthola iphethini ejwayelekile yokufaka amaphutha we-batch yamaphakeji
(1) Thola i-AQL yekhwalithi ye-AQL. Umkhiqizi kanye nomsebenzisi baxoxisana nokuthola umkhawulo wekhwalithi yokwamukelwa futhi bayibhale ekucacisweni kobuchwepheshe noma inkontileka ye-oda. Ngokuyinhloko, imikhawulo yekhwalithi yokwamukelwa icaciswe ngokwahlukana ngokwehlukaniswa okungafanele. Umkhawulo wekhwalithi yokwamukela echazwe nge-Class A mancane kunomkhawulo wekhwalithi yokwamukela echazwe ekilasini B, futhi umkhawulo wekhwalithi yokwamukela echazwe ku-Class C. Imikhawulo yekhwalithi yokwamukela ivezwa njengenombolo yokwehluleka kwemikhiqizo eyi-100 ehlanganisiwe. Isibonelo, imikhawulo yekhwalithi yokwamukelwa kwamabhokisi ahlanganisiwe yile: 1.0 ekilasini A, 4.0 ekilasini B, kanye no-6.5 ngeClass C.
. I-GB / t 2828.1-2003 ihlinzeka ngamasu ajwayelekile, aqinile, avuselelekile. Lokhu kungukuthi ukuzwela kwecebo kungashintshwa ngesikhathi esifanele ngokuya ngezinguquko ngekhwalithi, futhi umphumela wesampula ogculisayo ongatholakala ngesampula elincane. Ithebula 8-10 yipulani yesampula yokuhlola okujwayelekile ukuze kubhekwe kukho.
(3) Thatha amasampula bese uhlola amasampula.
(4) Thola ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-batch-by-batch kuyafaneleka noma kungafaneleki, futhi kwenze uhlelo lokulahla ngemuva kokuhlola. 2. Izibonelo Zokuhlola
Ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo othile ohlanganisiwe kuma-batches wezingcezu eziyi-10,000 kwenziwa ngokuya nge-GB / T2828.1-2003 "I-Batch-by-Batch Ukuhlola Isampula Yesampula (i-AQL)", kanye ne-General Ukuhlola I-II yamukelwa. Sebenzisa uhlelo olujwayelekile lokuhlola uhlelo lwesampula yesikhathi esisodwa, bese uhlola ikhodi yosayizi wesampula kusuka etafuleni 8-9 ku-L; Bese uhlola usayizi wesampula kusuka kuThebula 8-10 kuya ku-200, bese ukhetha ngokungahleliwe amasampula. Ngokwezigaba ezintathu zokuthola imikhawulo yekhwalithi: Isigaba A ngu-1.0, isigaba B yi-4.0, nesigaba C ngu-6.5. Kungabonakala kusuka kuThebula 8-10 Ukuthi umugqa onamakhodi kasayizi wesampula l ne-AOL = 1.0, 4.0, 6.5 lapho kuhlangana khona amakholomu, funda [14,15]
Yinombolo yemikhiqizo enqatshiwe ngezigaba ezintathu zeamakhadibhodi kagwayi kagwayi: A, D, no-C.
Uma inani lemikhiqizo engenaphutha kusampula likhulu kunelinye noma lilingana nenombolo yemikhiqizo engenaphutha, ayilingani nenani lemikhiqizo engenaphutha. Isibonelo, uma imikhiqizo engama-2 000 ithathwa emgqeni wokukhiqiza ukuze ihlolwe, futhi uma inani litholakala libe yi-5, khona-ke leli qembu lemikhiqizo yokufaka lizimisele ukungafaneleki.
Imikhiqizo emi-3 yayingafanelekiswanga esigabeni A, Imikhiqizo emi-4 yayingafanelekiswanga esigabeni B, 2 imikhiqizo ayinakufanelekanga esigabeni A no-B, imikhiqizo emi-3 yayingafaneleki esigabeni B no-C, no-5amakhadibhodi kagwayi kagwayiImikhiqizo ibingafanelekiswanga esigabeni C. Bese isibalo semikhiqizo engafaneleki esigabeni A, isigaba B nesigaba semikhiqizo esingu-24 kuye kwangama-7, futhi inani lemikhiqizo engafaneleki kungu-24, 7, kanye nenani lemikhiqizo engafanelekile ngu-19.
Lapho inani lemikhiqizo engafanele lifinyelela enanini lokwenqatshwa, noma ngabe leli qembu lemikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe lizoliwa lidinga ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukwamukela indlela yokuyekethisa, njengokwamukela kepha ukuxwayisa ukuthi izinyathelo zokulungisa ziyadingeka, noma zenqabe kodwa ziyavuma ukuyithola ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa noma ukuphindiselwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kweamakhadibhodi kagwayi kagwayiUkufaka Ukuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi
amakhadibhodi kagwayi kagwayiImikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe idinga ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, futhi imishini nemishini kufanele kulungiswe ngokususelwa kulwazi olutholwe ukugcina amanani acacisiwe acacisiwe. Ngemuva kokuthola imikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe, abasebenzisi kufanele baphathe ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ukuthola ukuthi bahambisana yini nokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe futhi bahlole ukulimala okusobala ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
(1) Ukuhlolwa kokuqukethwe kwekhwalithi yokuhlola ilungelo eliyisisekelo labasebenzisi ukuthola imikhiqizo. Kungaba ukuhlola okugcwele noma ukuhlolwa kwesampula. Okuqukethwe okuyisisekelo komsebenzi wokuhlola yile: ① Yakha imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe yeamakhadibhodi kagwayi kagwayiimikhiqizo yokupakisha. ② Thuthukisa izindlela zokuhlola. ③ Sebenzisa amathuluzi wokuhlola athembekile nezindlela zokuhlola. Imininingwane yokuhlola ye-④Record. ⑤ Beka iziphakamiso zokuqala ukucubungula imiphumela yokuhlola. I-⑥U-misele idatha yokuhlola kanye iziphakamiso eMnyangweni Wokulawulwa Kwekhwalithi.
(2) Ukuqaliswa okuthile kokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuhlukile kokuhlukahlukeneamakhadibhodi kagwayi kagwayiImikhiqizo yokupakisha yehlukile. Lapha sithatha ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kwamabhodlela engilazi nezimbiza, ukugoqa amabhokisi, njll. Njengesibonelo. Eminye imikhiqizo ingasetshenziswa njengesethenjwa.
1. Amabhodlela engilazi nezimbiza
(1) Ukucaciswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwamabhodlela engilazi nezimbiza
①Shape. Ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kwamabhodlela engilazi kanye nezimbiza ikakhulukazi kuya ngohlobo nenani lezinto eziqukethe. Lapho ukwakheka kwebhodlela kunqunywe, umdwebo osebenzayo kufanele udwetshwe ukukhombisa ukubukeka kwesitsha. Imvamisa emelwa ngokubukwa okuthathu, ukubukwa okukhuliswe ngokwengxenye, nemibono eyengeziwe enezici ezintathu. ②Ize. Ubukhulu obubalulekile bamabhodlela ezingilazi nezimbiza kufanele kuqashelwe kwimidwebo esebenzayo, ngokubekezelelana okunikezwe, nezinye izinto ezinjengethamo noma umthamo kufanele kufakwe. Ubukhulu kanye nokubekezelelana kumele kuxoxwe ngalowo ngumenzi ngoba imishini yokwenza okwenziwa ngumenzi yokwenziwa kwamabhodlela inezinto eziphakeme namadayimitha, okuvame ukunciphisa ukwakheka nosayizi wamabhodlela namathini. Imishini esetshenziswayo esetshenziswa ebhodleleni ngokuvamile ikhawulela ukuphakama kwamabhodlela namathini kuya ku-25 ~ 300mm. Ububanzi bamabhodlela namathini buhlobene nenombolo yamabhodlela namathini akhiqizwa esigabeni somshini owodwa, kanti ububanzi bawo buphakathi kuka-12 no-150mm. ③ntouleral. Amabhodlela engilazi athinteka kwezinye izinto ngesikhathi senqubo yokubumba, ebangela ukungezwani okuthile ngesimo nosayizi. Ngakho-ke, uhla olumukelekile lokuhlukahluka noma ukubekezelelana kufanele lunikezwe ngosayizi wamabhodlela. Ukubekezelela okujwayelekile kuyasebenza kuVolumu (ML), isisindo (kg), ukuphakama (mm) nobubanzi (mm). Ukubekezelelwa kwamanani amabhodlela amancane namathini ngu-15%, kanye nokubekezelela amandla ngamabhodlela amakhulu namathini kungaphansi kwe-1%. Ukubekezelelwa kwamabhodlela ahlukahlukene namathini aphakathi kwale mikhawulo emibili. Ukubekezelelana okuningi kucishe kube ngu-5% wesisindo sebhodlela esibekiwe, kanye nobubanzi bokuhluka kobusuku bungu-0.5% kuya ku-0.8% wokuphakama okuphelele. Ngezipesheli ezinobubanzi obuncane be-25mm, ukubekezelelana ububanzi kungama-8%, amabhodlela anobubanzi obukhulu bangama-200mm, ukubekezelelana kungu-1.5%, nakwamanye amathini, ukubekezelelana kuphakathi kwale mikhawulo emibili.
2. Ukugoqa ibhokisi
Umugqa we-②ा Imigqa yokuqamba kufanele ibe umfaniswano nokujula okuthile ukuze ibhokisi lakha uhlaka oluqondile nesimo esikhanyayo esicacile. Lapho ibhokisi ligoqwa futhi lithambekele ku-180 °, ukuze linciphise imifantu emugqeni ovumayo, ummese ovumayo onamasondo acwebile kufanele asetshenziselwe ukushaya umugqa, futhi umsiki wokugoqa webhokisi kufanele ahambisane nesikhungo somugqa webhokisi. Yonke imiphetho esikiwe yokufa kufanele ihlanzeke futhi icaba
Zonke izindawo ezidinga ukuqondiswa kumele zicindezelwe ngaphambili ukuze ziqinisekise ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile ekuphaketheni. ③flotness. Amabhokisi kufanele abe yiflethi, ngaphandle kokungcola noma ukuphuma, ahlukaniswe komunye nomunye, noma anamathele ndawonye. ④Clean up. Hlanza bese uklebhula amabhokisi ngaphambi kokupakishwa ukuze ususe uthuli nodoti okusele ngokufa - ukusika phezu kwamabhokisi.
Ukuthumela. Ukuphrinta ebhokisini kufanele kuhambisane namazinga wombala futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihluzo nombhalo zihlanganiswa futhi zinhle. Imithetho ye-⑥food kanye nezidakamizwa.amakhadibhodi kagwayi kagwayiUkupakishwa okusetshenzisiwe ekukhiqizeni akufanele kuqukathe noma yiziphi izinto ezifudukayo ezidlula imikhawulo ebekwe yiziphathimandla zokudla kanye nemithi neminyango yazo engaphansi.
I-Confetti.⑦Pacting and Sales. Amabhokisi aphrintiwe kumele agcwele phama ngokuya ngemigomo. Zingapakishwa emabhokisini ahlanganisiwe futhi zivalwe ngetheyiphu, noma zingafakwa emaphaketheni futhi zigoqwe ngovalo lokunwetshwa noma ukugoqa. Iyunithi ngalinye lokupakisha kufanele likhombise umenzi, inombolo yamabhokisi, uhlobo nosayizi wamabhokisi, usuku lokukhiqiza ne-batch inombolo, njll.
⑧Storage nokulayisha nokulayisha. Amabhokisi kufanele agcinwe endaweni ehlanzekile ekushiseni kwegumbi elinomswakama ohlobene ka-40% kuya ku-60%. Amabhokisi aqukethe amabhokisi akumele afakwe ezinhlangothini zawo, futhi akufanele abekwe eduze kwama-radiator noma eminye imithombo yokushisa, noma ibekwe lapho alimala khona kalula. Emaflethini phansi. Lapho ukhipha amabhokisi, landela umgomo we- "Okokuqala ngaphakathi, Okokuqala ngaphandle" bese uvula abaningi ngendlela oyisebenzisayo.
(2) Ukuhlukaniswa kwamabhokisi angenakuqhathaniswa ahlanganisiwe
① Isigaba A asifanelekile. Kuvimbela ibhokisi ukuthi liqukethe imikhiqizo futhi livimbela ukuphrinta nokumaka ebhokisini.
a. Amandla okuvula noma amandla okubuyiselwayo ebhokisini likhulu kakhulu.
b. Ubukhulu budlula ukubekezelela okucacisiwe kwimidwebo yedizayini yokwakheka.
c. Ibhokisi lilimele, linezimbobo noma imihuzuko, elibangela ukuthi iphethini eliphrintiwe lihlatshwe noma lifiphele.
d. Kunephutha kwimibala eyodwa noma eminingana ephrintiwe.
e. Imibala yokuphrinta ayibhalisiwe, okwenza iphethini ibe blurry.
I-induction ihlelwe kabi futhi ayinakusungulwa, igcwaliswe futhi ivalwe phakathiamakhadibhodi kagwayi kagwayi ukufakwa ukukhiqizwa.
② Isigaba B asifanelekile. Ibhokisi alisebenziseki kalula noma ukubukeka kwekhwalithi engeyinhle.
a. Iphethini ephrintiwe inamabala noma imihuzuko ebusweni, ekuvezeni amakhadibhodi noma ngopende we-chalky.
b. Ukuqanjwa okungaphelele noma okunganele noma okunganele kwenza kube nzima ukuthi ibhokisi elizokwakhiwa kulayini wokukhiqiza, okuholele ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kahle. c. Lapho kuvalwa i-othomathikhi ekhishini elingezansi, isokhethi alivulwa kahle d. Izimbobo ezilula ezivulekile ohlangothini lwebhokisi zishayiwe. Ayifanele.
Isigaba C asifaneleki. Kuthinta kuphela ukubukeka kepha hhayi ukusetshenziswa.
a. Indawo yokuphrinta inzima futhi ikhwalithi yokuphola ayimpofu.
b. Umbala wokuphrinta ujwayelekile kancane.
Lokhu okungenhla okutholakele okungafaneleki kwekhwalithi yilezi: Class a 0.4; I-Class B 1.0; Class C 2.5.
. Uma i-batch yonke yezimpahla ingahlangabezani nezidingo ngenxa yokusebenza kabi kwe-carton, umnyango wokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizi unelungelo lokucela ukuhlolwa kabusha.
Emphakathini wanamuhla, yize wenzaamakhadibhodi kagwayi kagwayi, abantu basungule imiqondo yokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nentuthuko esimeme.
Ukupakisha kumele kube nezindawo ezinobungane bemvelo ezingenakungcola - okulula ukuziphatha. Umkhuba ojwayelekile wokuthuthuka komnotho wezwe ngumqondo wokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi wentuthuko ethambekele kubantu, ebanzi, ehlanganisiwe neqhubekayo. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhula komnotho kuhlanganiswa nabantu, izinsizakusebenza kanye nemvelo, nokuthi ukugcizelelwa okulinganayo kubekwa ekuthuthukisweni komnotho kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ukukhula komnotho kufanele kususelwe kumthamo othwala izinsiza kanye nemvelo yemvelo, ngenhloso yokwakha umphakathi oqondiswe kulondolozo nowemvelo. Umqondo omusha wabantu 'wokupakisha oqhubekayo' wakhekile. "Ukupakishwa okuzinzile" kudinga ukwandisa izinto zokwenziwa namandla okubhekwa ku-Packal Design, ukusebenza okupakisha nezindleko zokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zemakethe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kweamakhadibhodi kagwayi kagwayiUkupakisha ukukhiqiza, izinto zokuhamba kanye nezinqubo zokuphinda usebenzise kabusha. Amandla, ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwezinto ezivuselelekayo nezisetshenziswa kabusha, ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha kabusha, ukuhlinzeka ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile zemikhiqizo esetshenziswe kabusha, kuhlomula abantu namaqembu ngesikhathiamakhadibhodi kagwayi kagwayiUkupakisha umjikelezo wokuphila, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nempilo. Kuyahambisana nomqondo womnotho oyindilinga, okungukuthi, kuthatha ukusetshenziswa kahle kanye nokuphinda usebenzise kabusha izinsiza njengomnyombo ophansi futhi kuthatha "ukusetshenziswa okuphansi, ukuphakama okuphezulu, kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu" njengezimpawu eziphakeme. Kuhlukile "ekukhiqizeni isisindo, ukusetshenziswa kwesisindo, kanye nokungcola okuningi". Ushintsho oluyisisekelo kwimodeli yokukhula kwezinsizakusebenza zendabuko. Imboni yokufaka kufanele ivumelane nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa komnotho oyindilinga. Ukupakisha kuqukethe incazelo entsha, ebizwa ngokuthi "ukupakishwa okuluhlaza"
Isikhathi sePosi: APR-17-2024