Izinhlobo ezimbili zamaphutha ezinhlobo ezahlukeneamabhokisi kagwayi ekhadibhodikungakhokhelwa ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Amaphutha esistimu anemithetho ethile eshintshayo. Ngemva kokubona usayizi wawo kanye nesiqondiso, angaxazululwa ngokulungisa noma ukulungisa imishini. Uma kwenzeka amaphutha ngengozi, kubonakala sengathi akukho ukuhleleka okubonakalayo. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa izindlela zezibalo zezibalo ukuthola iphethini evamile yamaphutha okupakisha eqoqweni lamaphakheji
(1) Nquma umkhawulo wekhwalithi we-AQL. Umenzi nomsebenzisi bayaxoxisana ukuze banqume umkhawulo wekhwalithi yokwamukelwa bese bewubhala encazelweni yobuchwepheshe noma enkontilekeni ye-oda. Empeleni, imikhawulo yekhwalithi yokwamukelwa ibekwe ngokwehlukana ngokwesigaba esingafaneleki. Umkhawulo wekhwalithi yokwamukelwa ochazwe kwiKilasi A mncane kunomkhawulo wekhwalithi yokwamukelwa ochazwe kwiKilasi B, kanti umkhawulo wekhwalithi yokwamukelwa ochazwe kwiKilasi C mkhulu kunomkhawulo wekhwalithi yokwamukelwa ochazwe kwiKilasi B. Ngaphezu kwalokho, singacabanga ngokubeka kabusha ezinye noma izinto ezingafaneleki ngazinye esigabeni esifanayo, noma singacabanga ngokubeka kabusha umkhawulo wekhwalithi yokwamukela phakathi kwezigaba ezahlukene. Imikhawulo yekhwalithi yokwamukelwa ivezwa njengenani lokwehluleka ngemikhiqizo eyi-100 epakishiwe. Isibonelo, imikhawulo yekhwalithi yokwamukelwa yamabhokisi ahlanganisiwe yile: 1.0 yeKilasi A, 4.0 yeKilasi B, kanye no-6.5 yeKilasi C.
(2) Nquma uhlelo lokuhlola amasampula, okungukuthi, usayizi wesampula kanye nenani lokwamukelwa nokwenqatshwa ngokohlobo lohlelo lokuhlola amasampula. I-GB/T 2828.1-2003 inikeza izinhlelo zokuhlola amasampula ezijwayelekile, eziqinile, nezikhululekile. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthi ukuqina kohlelo kushintshwe ngesikhathi esifanele ngokwezinguquko zekhwalithi, futhi umphumela wokuhlola amasampula owanelisayo ungatholakala ngesampula encane. Ithebula 8-10 uhlelo lokuhlola amasampula lokuhlola okuvamile ukuze kubhekwe kulo.
(3) Thatha amasampula bese uhlola amasampula.
(4) Nquma ukuthi ukuhlolwa kweqembu ngalinye kuyafaneleka noma akufanelekile, bese wenza uhlelo lokulahla ngemuva kokuhlolwa. 2. Izibonelo zokuhlola
Ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo othile opakishwe ngamaqoqo ezingcezu eziyi-10,000 kwenziwa ngokuhambisana ne-GB/T2828.1-2003 ethi “Uhlelo lokuhlola isampula ngeqoqo olutholwe ngomkhawulo wekhwalithi yokwamukelwa (AQL)”, bese kwamukelwa izinga lokuhlola elijwayelekile II. Sebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlola isampula olujwayelekile kanye, bese uhlola ikhodi yosayizi wesampula kusukela kuThebula 8-9 kuya ku-L; bese uhlola usayizi wesampula kusukela kuThebula 8-10 kuya ku-200, bese ukhetha amasampula ngokungahleliwe. Ngokwezigaba ezintathu zokuthola imikhawulo yekhwalithi: Isigaba A singu-1.0, Isigaba B singu-4.0, kanye nesigaba C singu-6.5. Kungabonakala kuThebula 8-10 ukuthi umugqa onekhodi yosayizi wesampula L kanye ne-AOL = 1.0, 4.0, 6.5 Ekuxhumaneni kwamakholomu, funda [5,6], [14,15], [21,
Inani lemikhiqizo enqatshiwe ngezigaba ezintathu zeamabhokisi kagwayi ekhadibhodi: A, D, kanye no-C.
Uma inani lemikhiqizo enephutha kusampula likhulu noma lilingana nenani lemikhiqizo enephutha, alilingani nenani lemikhiqizo enephutha. Isibonelo, uma imikhiqizo engu-2,000 ithathwa emgqeni wokukhiqiza ukuze ihlolwe, futhi uma inani litholakala lingu-5, khona-ke leli qoqo lemikhiqizo yokupakisha litholakala lingafaneleki.
Imikhiqizo emi-3 ayifanelekanga kuSigaba A, imikhiqizo emi-4 ayifanelekanga kuSigaba B, imikhiqizo emi-2 ayifanelekanga kuSigaba A no-B, imikhiqizo emi-3 ayifanelekanga kuSigaba B no-C, kanye nemi-5amabhokisi kagwayi ekhadibhodiimikhiqizo yayingafaneleki kuSigaba C. Bese inani lemikhiqizo engafaneleki kuSigaba A, kuSigaba B nakuSigaba C lingu-79 no-8 ngokulandelana, kanti inani eliphelele lemikhiqizo engafaneleki lingu-24. Inani lemikhiqizo engafaneleki kuSigaba A, B, no-C lingu-7, 7, no-5 ngokulandelana, kanti inani eliphelele lemikhiqizo engafaneleki lingu-19.
Uma inani lemikhiqizo engafaneleki lifika enanini lokwenqatshwa, ukuthi leli qoqo lemikhiqizo epakishiwe lizokwenqatshwa yini lidinga ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa indlela yokuvumelana, njengokwamukela kodwa uxwayise ukuthi kudingeka izinyathelo zokulungisa, noma ukwenqaba kodwa ukuvuma ukuyithola ngemva kokuhlukaniswa noma ukucutshungulwa kabusha.
Ukuqaliswa kweamabhokisi kagwayi ekhadibhodiukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yokupakisha
amabhokisi kagwayi ekhadibhodiImikhiqizo epakishiwe idinga ukulawulwa ikhwalithi ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, futhi imishini nemishini kumele kulungiswe ngokusekelwe kulwazi olutholiwe ukuze kugcinwe amanani acacisiwe ekhwalithi ngaphakathi kwemingcele edingekayo. Ngemva kokuthola imikhiqizo epakishiwe, abasebenzisi kumele benze ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ukuze banqume ukuthi bayahambisana yini nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza futhi bahlole umonakalo osobala ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa.
(1) Okuqukethwe komsebenzi wokuhlola ikhwalithi Ukuhlolwa kuyilungelo eliyisisekelo labasebenzisi lokuthola imikhiqizo. Kungaba ukuhlolwa okugcwele noma ukuhlolwa kwesampula. Okuqukethwe okuyisisekelo komsebenzi wokuhlola yile: ① Yakha imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yeamabhokisi kagwayi ekhadibhodiimikhiqizo yokupakisha. ② Thuthukisa izindlela zokuhlola. ③ Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlola athembekile kanye nezindlela zokuhlola. ④Bhala idatha yokuhlola. ⑤ Beka iziphakamiso zokucubungula imiphumela yokuhlola. ⑥ Thumela idatha yokuhlola kanye neziphakamiso emnyangweni wokuphathwa kwekhwalithi.
(2) Ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ethile kwezinhlobo ezahlukeneamabhokisi kagwayi ekhadibhodiImikhiqizo yokupakisha ihlukile. Lapha sithatha ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yamabhodlela engilazi namabhodlela, amabhokisi agoqwayo, njll. njengesibonelo. Eminye imikhiqizo ingasetshenziswa njengereferensi.
1. Amabhodlela engilazi namabhodlela
(1) Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yamabhodlela engilazi namabhodlela
①Isimo. Isimo esiyisisekelo samabhodlela engilazi namabhodlela sincike kakhulu ohlotsheni kanye nobuningi bezinto eziqukethwe kuwo. Uma isimo sebhodlela sesinqunyiwe, kufanele kudwetshwe umdwebo osebenzayo ukuze kuboniswe ukubukeka kwesitsha. Ngokuvamile kumelelwa imibono emithathu, imibono ekhuliswe kancane, kanye nemibono eyengeziwe enezinhlangothi ezintathu. ②Usayizi. Ubukhulu obubalulekile bamabhodlela engilazi namabhodlela kufanele buphawulwe emidwebweni yokusebenza, kanye nokubekezelelana okunikeziwe, kanye nezinye izinto ezifana nomthamo noma umthamo kufanele nazo zifakwe. Ubukhulu kanye nokubekezelelana kumele kuxoxiswane nomenzi ngoba imishini yokwenza amabhodlela yomenzi inobude obungaguquki kanye nobubanzi, okuvame ukukhawulela ukuma nosayizi wamabhodlela namabhodlela. Imishini yokwenza amabhodlela evame ukusetshenziswa ngokuvamile ikhawulela ukuphakama kwamabhodlela namabhodlela ku-25 ~ 300mm. Ububanzi bamabhodlela namabhodlela buhlobene nenani lamabhodlela namabhodlela akhiqizwa engxenyeni eyodwa yomshini, futhi ububanzi bawo buphakathi kuka-12 no-150mm. ③Ukubekezelelana. Amabhodlela engilazi athintwa yizici ezithile ngesikhathi senqubo yokubumba, okubangela umehluko othile ngesimo nosayizi. Ngakho-ke, ububanzi obamukelekayo bokuhlukahluka noma ukubekezelelana kumele bunikezwe ngobukhulu bamabhodlela. Ukubekezelelana okujwayelekile kusebenza kumthamo (mL), isisindo (kg), ukuphakama (mm) kanye nobubanzi (mm). Ukubekezelelana kwamandla amabhodlela amancane namathini kungu-15%, kanti ukubekezelelana kwamandla amabhodlela amakhulu namathini kungaphansi kuka-1%. Ukubekezelelana kwamandla amabhodlela ahlukahlukene namathini kuphakathi kwale mikhawulo emibili. Ukubekezelelana kobukhulu cishe kungu-5% wesisindo sebhodlela esibekiwe, kanti ububanzi bokuhlukahluka kokuphakama bungu-0.5% kuya ku-0.8% wokuphakama okuphelele. Kumabhodlela anobubanzi obuncane obungu-25mm, ukubekezelelana kobubanzi kungu-8%, kumabhodlela anobubanzi obukhulu obungu-200mm, ukubekezelelana kungu-1.5%, kanti kwamanye amabhodlela namathini, ukubekezelelana kuphakathi kwale mikhawulo emibili.
2. Ibhokisi eligoqekayo
②Umugqa wokugoba. Imigqa yokugoba kufanele ifane futhi ibe nobubanzi obuthile ukuze ibhokisi likwazi ukwakha uhlaka oluqondile kanye nesimo esicacile sokugoba. Uma ibhokisi ligoba futhi lisicaba lifike ku-180°, ukuze kuncishiswe imifantu emgqeni wokugoba, ummese wokugoba onesondo elicacile kufanele usetshenziswe ukugoba umugqa, futhi umshini wokugoba webhokisi kufanele uqondaniswe nesikhungo somugqa wokugoba ebusweni bebhokisi. Zonke izingqimba ezisikiwe kufanele zihlanzeke futhi zibe yisicaba
Zonke izindawo ezidinga ukugoba kumele zicindezelwe kusengaphambili ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuvamile ephaketheni. ③Ukuthamba. Amabhokisi kufanele abe yisicaba, angabi nokuguquguquka noma ukugoba, ahlukaniswe, noma anamathele ndawonye. ④Hlanza. Hlanza futhi uhlanze amabhokisi ngaphambi kokupakisha ukuze ususe uthuli kanye nemfucuza eshiywe ngokusika idayi ebusweni bamabhokisi.
⑤Ukuphrinta. Ukuphrinta ebhokisini kufanele kuhambisane nezindinganiso zombala futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi imidwebo nombhalo kuyahambisana futhi kuhle. ⑥Imithethonqubo yokuphathwa kokudla nezidakamizwa.amabhokisi kagwayi ekhadibhodiUkupakisha okusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni akufanele kube nezinto ezifudukayo ezidlula imingcele ebekwe yiziphathimandla zokudla nezokwelapha kanye neminyango engaphansi kwazo.
I-Confetti.⑦Ukupakisha nokuthengisa. Amabhokisi aphrintiwe kumele apakishwe ngokuhambisana nemithetho. Angapakishwa emabhokisini ahlanganisiwe futhi avalwe ngeteyipu, noma angapakishwa emaphalethini bese egoqwa nge-stretch wrap noma i-shrink wrap. Iyunithi ngayinye yokupakisha kufanele ibonise umenzi, inani lamabhokisi, uhlobo nosayizi wamabhokisi, usuku lokwenziwa kanye nenombolo yebhetshi, njll.
⑧Ukugcina nokulayisha nokukhipha. Amabhokisi kufanele agcinwe endaweni ehlanzekile ekamelweni lokushisa elinomswakama olinganiselwa ku-40% kuya ku-60%. Amabhokisi aqukethe amabhokisi akufanele abekwe eceleni kwawo, futhi akufanele abekwe eduze kwama-radiator noma eminye imithombo yokushisa, noma abekwe lapho onakaliswa khona kalula. Ezindaweni ezimanzi. Lapho ukhipha amabhokisi, landela isimiso esithi “qala ungene, qala uphume” bese uvula amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
(2) Ukuhlukaniswa kwamabhokisi angenazo izinti ezingafaneleki
① Isigaba A asifaneleki. Sivimbela ibhokisi ukuthi lingabi nemikhiqizo futhi sivimbela ukuphrinta nokumaka ebhokisini.
a. Amandla okuvula noma amandla okubuyela emuva kwebhokisi makhulu kakhulu.
b. Ubukhulu budlula ukubekezelelana okuchazwe emidwebweni yomklamo wesakhiwo.
c. Ibhokisi lonakele, linezimbobo noma imihuzuko, okwenza iphethini ephrintiwe iklwebhe noma ifiphale.
d. Kukhona iphutha kumbala owodwa noma eminingana ephrintiwe.
e. Imibala yokuphrinta ayibhalisiwe, okwenza iphethini ingabonakali.
Ukufakwa kwembobo akuqondile futhi akukwazi ukwakheka, ukugcwaliswa nokuvalwa ngesikhathiamabhokisi kagwayi ekhadibhodi ukukhiqizwa kokupakisha.
② Isigaba B asifaneleki. Ibhokisi alisebenziseki kalula noma libukeka lisezingeni eliphansi.
a. Iphethini ephrintiwe inamabala noma imihuzuko ebusweni, okuveza ikhadibhodi noma upende onjengoshoki.
b. Ukungapheleli noma ukunganele kokufakwa kwebhokisi kwenza kube nzima ukuthi ibhokisi lakheke emgqeni wokukhiqiza ukupakisha, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kahle kokupakisha. c. Uma i-flap evala phansi ngokuzenzakalelayo ivaliwe, isokhethi alivulwa kahle d. Izimbobo ezilula ukuzivula ohlangothini lwebhokisi ziyabhobozwa. Akufanele.
③Isigaba C asifaneleki. Sithinta kuphela ukubukeka kodwa hhayi ukusetshenziswa.
a. Indawo yokuphrinta ilukhuni futhi ikhwalithi yokupholisha ayilungile.
b. Umbala wokuphrinta ujwayelekile kancane.
Imikhawulo yekhwalithi yokwamukela engafaneleki engenhla yile: Isigaba A 0.4; Isigaba B 1.0; Isigaba C 2.5.
(3) Ukuhlolwa kwebhokisi Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okusebenzayo kanye nokuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe kumkhiqizi webhokisi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lihlangabezana nezimfuneko zobuchwepheshe. Uma lonke iqembu lezimpahla lingahlangabezani nezidingo ngenxa yokusebenza kabi kwebhokisi, umnyango wokuphatha ikhwalithi womkhiqizi unelungelo lokucela ukuhlolwa kabusha.
Emphakathini wanamuhla, yize ukwenzaamabhokisi kagwayi ekhadibhodi, abantu sebesungule imiqondo yokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nentuthuko esimeme.
Ukupakisha kumele kube nezakhiwo ezinobungani nemvelo ezingenakho ukungcola futhi okulula ukuziphatha. Umkhuba ojwayelekile wentuthuko yomnotho womhlaba umqondo wentuthuko yesayensi yentuthuko egxile kubantu, ephelele, ehlelekile neqhubekayo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhula komnotho kuhambisana nenani labantu, izinsiza kanye nemvelo, nokuthi kugxilwe ngokulinganayo ekuthuthukisweni komnotho kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ukukhula komnotho kufanele kusekelwe emandleni okuthwala izinsiza kanye nemvelo, ngenhloso yokwakha umphakathi ogxile ekulondolozweni nasekuvikeleni imvelo. Umqondo omusha wabantu "wokupakisha okusimeme" ususunguliwe. "Ukupakisha okusimeme" kudinga ukuthuthukisa izinto kanye namandla ukuze kucatshangelwe ekwakhiweni kokupakisha, ukusebenza kokupakisha kanye nezindleko ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezijwayelekile zemakethe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokuvuselelwa kabusha kuamabhokisi kagwayi ekhadibhodiizinqubo zokukhiqiza, ezokuthutha kanye nezokuvuselela. Amandla, ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwezinto ezivuselelekayo nezingasetshenziswa kabusha, ukuvuselela kabusha okusebenzayo kakhulu, ukuhlinzeka ngezinto zokusetshenziswa eziwusizo zemikhiqizo esetshenziswa kabusha, okuzuzisa abantu ngabanye namaqembu ngesikhathiamabhokisi kagwayi ekhadibhodiumjikelezo wokuphila kokupakisha, nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nempilo. Kuhambisana nomqondo womnotho ojikelezayo, okungukuthi, kuthatha ukusetshenziswa kahle kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezinsizakusebenza njengengqikithi yawo futhi kuthatha "ukusetshenziswa okuphansi, ukukhishwa okuphansi, kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu" njengezimpawu zawo eziyisisekelo. Kuyindlela ehlukile "yokukhiqizwa ngobuningi, ukusetshenziswa ngobuningi, kanye nokungcola ngobuningi". Ushintsho oluyisisekelo kumodeli yendabuko yokukhula kwezinsizakusebenza. Imboni yokupakisha kufanele izivumelanise nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa komnotho ojikelezayo. Ukupakisha kuqukethe incazelo entsha, ebizwa ngokuthi "ukupakisha okuluhlaza"
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-17-2024