Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kuyaqhubeka njengembangela ehamba phambili yesifo esivikelekile nokufa eCanada. Ngo-2017, kwakungu-47,000 ukufa kwabantu okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi eCanada, kubiza ama- $ 6.1 billion ngezindleko eziqondile zokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye ne-Novemba 2019
Ukupakishwa okusobala kwamukelwe ngenani elikhulayo lamazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Kusukela ngoJulayi 2020, kucaceCanadaUkupakishwa kukagwayiisetshenziswe ngokuphelele kulokho okwenziwa ngomakhi kanye nezindawo ezithengiswayo emazweni ayi-14: I-Australia (2012); IFrance ne-United Kingdom (2017); New Zealand, Norway, ne-Ireland (2018); U-Uruguay, neThailand (2019); ISaudi Arabia, eTurkey, u-Israyeli neSlovenia (ngoJanuwari 2020); Canada (February 20 2020); kanye neSingapore (Julayi 2020). NgoJanuwari 2022, Belgium, iHungary, kanye neNetherlands bazobe besebenza ngokuphelele.
Lo mbiko ufingqa ubufakazi obuvela kuphrojekthi ye-International Tobacco Control (ITC) ekusebenzeni kahle kokupakisha okusobala eCanada. Since 2002, the ITC Project has conducted longitudinal cohort surveys in 29 countries to evaluate the impact of key tobacco control policies of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). Lo mbiko uveza okutholakele emphumeleni wokupakisha okusobala eCanada kususelwa kwimininingwane eqoqwe kubadumali abadala (2018) nangemva (2020) ukwethulwa kwethafaCanadaUkupakishwa kukagwayi. Idatha evela eCanada nayo yethulwa kumongo ngedatha evela emazweni afinyelela kwangama-25 Amazwe we-ITC - kufaka phakathi i-Australia, eNgilandi, iFrance kanye neNew Zealand.
Ukupakishwa okusobala okuncishisiwe kwephakethe okuncishisiwe - ama-45% ababhemayo awathandi ukubukeka kwepakethe labo likagwayi ngemuva kwethafaCanada Ukupakishwa kukagwayiKwethulwa, kuqhathaniswa nama-29% ngaphambi komthetho ungakabi umbiko we-ITC elungiselelwe yi-ITC Project e-University of Waterloo: U-Eunice Operan, e-Eunice Oreiig, noGeoffrey T. Fong. Sikwamukela imibono evela kwaCynthia Calbalard, odokotela beCanada engenantusi; Rob Cunningham, Canadian Cancercience Society; Futhi uFrancis Thompson, ezempilo ezenzeka kubhaliwe walo mbiko. Umklamo we-Graphic nesakhiwo wanikezwa nguSony Lyon we-Sentrik Graphic Solutions Inc. Ngenxa yeBrigitte Mloche yokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuhumusha zaseFrance; kanye noTonadia Martin, iphrojekthi ye-ITC yokubukeza kokuhumusha kwaseFrance nokuhlela. Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwalo mbiko kuhlinzekwa ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto ze-Canada ze-Canada kanye nohlelo lwemilutha (Suap) # 2021-HQ-000058. Imibono evezwe lapha ayimeleli i-Viewsof Health Canada.
I-ITC ezine ukubhema kanye nokubhema kwezwe ukubhema kwasekelwa izibonelelo ezivela ku-US National Cancer Institute (P01 CA200512), kanye ne-11064457), kanye nokwenziwa kocwaningo lwe-Australia kanye ne-Australia (App 1106457).
Isiphathimandla Esilawulayo sokupakishwa kwethafa likagwayi (eyaziwa ngokuthi ukufakwa okujwayelekile) kuhlinzekwa ngaphansi koMthetho kagwayi kanye neVaping Products Act (TVPA) 4, obekunezichibiyelo ezenziwa ngoMeyi 23, 2018 njengohlaka olusemthethweni lokunciphisa umthwalo obalulekile wokufa okuhlobene nogwayi eCanaca. -GqamileCanadaUkupakishwa kukagwayiIhlose ukunciphisa isikhalazo semikhiqizo kagwayi futhi yethulwa ngaphansi kwemithetho yemikhiqizo ka-2019 (ukubukeka okucacile nokujwayelekile) 5 njengenye yezinqubomgomo eziphelele zokusebenzisa i-tobacco ka-2035 ngaphansi kwe-Canaca's Ugwayi.
Imithethonqubo isebenza ekupakishelwe yonke imikhiqizo kagwayi, kufaka phakathi ugwayi owenziwe, amashubhu kanye namaphepha amabiwe ahloselwe ukusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwale mithethonqubo, ngoba awenziwanga njengemikhiqizo kagwayi ngaphansi kwale TVPA.
4 Ukupakishwa okusobala kogwayi, ama-cigars amancane, imikhiqizo kagwayi eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ngamadivayisi, futhi yonke eminye imikhiqizo kagwayi yaqala ukusebenza kubathengisi be-February 9, 2020, inesikhathi sokwenza izinsuku ezingama-90 ngoNovemba 9, 2020, ngesikhashana seminyaka engu-180 Abathengisi bakaTobacco bathobele ngoMeyi 8, 2021.5, 8
Canada Ukupakishwa kukagwayiImithetho ibilokhu idluliselwe kuyo njengendawo ephelele kunazo zonke emhlabeni, isetha inani lama-global prededents (bheka ibhokisi 1). Wonke amaphakheji womkhiqizo we-tobacco kumele abe nombala onsundu omile, ngaphandle kwezici ezihlukile futhi ezikhangayo, kanye nokuboniswa kombhalo ovunyelwe endaweni evamile, ifonti, ama-stickte, nama-usayizi.Izinkuni ze-usayizi. kukhona noma yimuphi uphawu; Futhi ukuphela kwe-butt yesihlungi kumele kube isicaba futhi akunakuba nokuphumula.Canada Ukupakishwa kukagwayiizokwenziwa kahle kwifomethi ye-slide ne-shell kumenzi / izinga 20, 2021 (abathengisi banabasebenzi kuze kube nguFebhuwari 7, 2022 ukumthobela), ngaleyo ndlela bavinjelwe ngokuvulwa okuphezulu kwe-Flip. Umdwebo 1 ukhombisa isilayidi kanye ne-Shellpaging nge-PlainCanada Ukupakishwa kukagwayi Lapho kuvezwa khona umyalezo wolwazi lwezempilo ngemuva kokupakishwa kwangaphakathi lapho kuvulwa iphakethe. ICanada yizwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukuthi lifuna ukupakishwa kwama-slide kanye negobolondo futhi kwaba ngowokuqala ukudinga imiyalezo yangaphakathi yezempilo.
CanadaUkupakishwa kukagwayiImithethonqubo inamandla emhlabeni nakulokuqala ku:
• Vimba ukusetshenziswa kwezincazelo zemibala kuwo wonke amagama ahlukahlukene kanye namagama ahlukahlukene
• dinga ifomethi yokupakisha ye-slide ne-shell yogwayi
• Dinga umbala onsundu onsundu ngaphakathi kwephakheji
• Vimba ugwayi isikhathi eside kune-85mm
• Kuvinjelwe ugwayi ongaphansi kwengaphansi kwe-7.65mm ubukhulu
I-Global Preddents isethwe yiCanada's Plain Packal Regulations
ICanada ayizange isebenzise izexwayiso zezempilo ezi-pictorial zezempilo ezi-pictorial (PHW) emaphaketheni kagwayi eceleni kwemithetho yokufaka okucacile, njengoba kufunwa amanye amazwe kubandakanya i-Australia, i-United Kingdom, eFrance, neNew Zealand. Noma kunjalo,Iphakethe likagwayi laseCanadaizexwayiso (75% ngaphambili nangemuva) kuzoba okukhulu kakhulu emhlabeni ngokuya ngenani eliphelele lemikhiqizo yezempilo elizodingeka ukuthi likwazi ukusebenzisa amasethikhathi athile okuthengiswa kwe-Canacco maqondana ne-ITC ezine ezweni lokubhema kanye ne-vaping Ucwaningo, olunikeza imininingwane ngalo mbiko.
Lo mbiko uveza idatha kusuka ku-ITC Canada ebhema kanye nenhlolokhono ye-Vaping ngaphambi nangemva kokufakwa kwezindawo ezilandelwayo ngoFebhuwari, i-Australia, kanye ne-England, yinhlolovo ye-ITC, okuyi-COHORD, okuyinhlolovo yeqembu eliqhutshwa phakathi kwababhemayo futhi Amaviyo aqashe amaphaneli wewebhu kazwelonke ezweni ngalinye. Ucwaningo lwe-inthanethi lwe-45-Minute Online lufake imibuzo ebihambisana nokuhlolwa kokupakisha okusobala, okusetshenziswe yiphrojekthi ye-ITC ukuhlola ipakepuke ethambile e-Australia, eNgilandi, eNew Zealand naseFrance. I-ITC Canada Ukubhema kanye nocwaningo lwe-VAPIING lwenziwa phakathi kwesampula elimele izwe labantu abadala abangu-4600 ababhemayo emhlabeni wonke, noma ku-United States) lapho kuqhutshwa khona inhlolovo efanayo, futhi okuhlukahluka ngesimo sabo Imithetho yokupakisha kagwayi nezidingo zoshintsho kuma-PHW (bheka Ithebula 1)
Imininingwane ephelele ezindleleni zeSampling and Survey ezweni ngalinye kwethulwa ku-ITC ezine ezokubhema kanye nenhlolovo ye-Vaping
Imibiko yezobuchwepheshe, etholakala ku:https://itcproject.org/methods/
Iphrojekthi ye-ITC ishicilele imibiko ebishicilele umthelela wokupakisha okusobala eNew Zealand18 naseNgilandi19. Amaphepha eSayensi yesikhathi esizayo azokwethula ukuhlaziya okuningana komthelela wokupakisha okusobala eCanada nakwamanye amazwe, kanye nokuqhathanisa nomthelela wenqubomgomo kusethi ephelele yamazwe we-ITC asebenze kahleCanadaukupakishwa kagwayi.Umehluko omncane phakathi kwemiphumela ebikiwe eCanada emaphepheni esayensi alandelayo kanye nemiphumela ebikiwe kulo mbhalo ngenxa yokwehluka kwezindlela zokulungiswa kwezibalo, kepha ungashintshi indlela ephelele yokutholwa.II.
Imiphumela engu-2020 yeCanada eyethulwe ezithombeni eziphambaneni nezwe ingahlukahlukahlukahlukahlukana nemiphumela engama-2020 kwizibalo ezinde ezethulwe kulo mbiko ngenxa yezindlela zokulungiswa kwezibalo zohlobo ngalunye lokuhlaziywa kohlobo ngalunye lokuhlaziywa kohlobo ngalunye lwezinhlobo zonke zokuhlaziywa kohlobo ngalunye lwezinhlobo zonke zokuhlaziywa kohlobo ngalunye lokuhlaziywa kohlobo ngalunye lokuhlaziywa .I
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokupakisha ngemuva kweCanada eCanada, amaphakethe amaningi asobala e-Retail ayesefomethi ephezulu ye-Flip, nge-slide nefomethi etholakala ngenani elilinganiselwe lezinhloso ezibalulekile zokunciphisa ukuheha nokukhanga kwemikhiqizo kagwayi.
Ukucwaninga okwenziwe emazweni ahlukene kubonise njalo ukuthi amaphakethe kagwayi athandeka kakhulu kubabhemayo kunamaphakethe afakwe uphawu.12-16
Ucwaningo lwe-ITC luveze ukuthi kunokwanda okukhulu kwamaphesenti ababhemayo baseCanada abathole ipakethe labo likagwayi "hhayi nhlobo" ngemuva kokuqalisa ukusebenza kwe CanadaUkupakishwa kukagwayi.Lokhu kuncipha okubalulekile kokudluliswa kwezikhalazo bekungafani namanye amazwe amabili okuqhathanisa-i-Australia kanye ne-US - lapho kwakungekho shintsho kumaphesenti ababhemayo abathola ipakethe labo likagwayi "hhayi nhlobo".
Kube nokwanda okukhulu kwamaphesenti ababhemayo abathi abakuthandi ukubukeka kwephakethe labo likagwayi ngemuva kokuqaliswa kokufakwa okusobala eCanada (kusuka ngo-29% ngonyaka ka-2020). Ukudluliswa kwesikhalazo kwakungejwayelekile e-Australia (lapho kwaqalwa khona ukufakwa okusobala kuhlanganiswe nama-PHWS amakhulu ngonyaka ka-2012), ngokubikwa kwezintathu kwababhemayo ababika ukuthi abakuthandi ukubukeka kwabo ngo-2018 (71%) no-2020 (69%). Ngokuphambene nalokho, iphesenti lababhemayo abathi alikuthandi ukubukeka kwephakethe labo lihlale liphansi e-US (9% ngonyaka ka-2020), lapho ukupakishwa kombhalo kuphela kungasebenzi (bheka umfanekiso 3).
Le miphumela ihambisana nokutholakele kwephrojekthi ye-ITC yangaphambilini ekhombisa ukwanda kwengxenye yababhemayo abangakuthandi ukugcwala kwabo ngemuva konyaka we-17) ku-18, ukusuka ngo-16% (kusuka ku-16% ngo-2016 kuya ku-53% ngonyaka we-2018) .19
Okutholakele kwamanje futhi kunezela ebufakazini kusuka ezifundweni ezishicilelwe ezibonisa ukuncishiswa okubalulekile kokuhlehliswa kwamaphakethe ngemuva kokuqalisa ukufakwa kwamaphakeji athambile ngama-phws amakhulu e-Australia20, 21 kanye nomthelela omuhle weCanadaUkupakishwa kukagwayiekunciphiseni isikhalazo sephakethe ngaphezulu nangaphezulu sandisa usayizi wama-PHWS eNgilandi.22
Olunye ucwaningo lwakamuva oluhlola umthelela wokupakisha okusobala e-United Kingdom naseNorway Usebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlola i-ITC zinikeza ukufakwa kwamaphakethe okucacile kanye nokusebenza kwe-PHWS kutholakale ngokufaka izinguquko ezingenamxwayiso zezempilo. Ngaphambi kokuqaliswa kokuphaphala okusobala, womabili la mazwe anezexwayiso zezempilo ezifanayo ngamaphakethe kagwayi (43% Isexwayiso Umbhalo ngaphambili, ama-53% phw on).
Ngemuva kokuqaliswa kokufakwa kwethafa kanye nenoveli emikhulu ye-PHWS (ama-65% angaphambili nangemuva) e-United Kingdom, kwakukhona ukwanda okukhulu kokubhema, ukugwema ukuziphatha, nokushiya ugwayi, futhi eshiya ugwayi, futhi eshiya ugwayi, futhi eshiya ugwayi, futhi ashiye ugwayi, futhi ashiye amathuba kagwayi, futhi ashiye amathuba kagwayi.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, kwaba nokwehla okukhulu ekuboneni, kufundwa, futhi kubhekwe eduze kwezinye izixwayiso, futhi kucatshangelwa ukuthi kube nezinguquko zezexwayiso zezempilo eNorway .23 Iphethini ehlukile yemiphumelaCanada Ukupakishwa kukagwayiIthuthukisa ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezixwayiso ezinkulu zenoveli, kepha ayikwazi ukwandisa umthelela wezexwayiso ze-Old Text / Pictorial
Isikhathi sePosi: Jun-15-2024