Ukuhlanekezelaukubhemauhlobo olungavamile lwe ukubhema lapho umuntu obhemayo efaka khona ingxenye ekhanyayo kagwayi emlonyeni bese ehogela intuthu. Kungase kube nezici eziningi ezithonya umuntu ukuba ahlakulele lo mkhuba, okuyimikhuba yengqondo engaba yisici esiyinhloko. Ngakho-ke, lolu cwaningo lwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe izici zengqondo ezithonya umuntu ukuba athathe lo mkhuba ongavamile wokuphendukela emuva.ukubhema.
Izimpahla nezindlela:
Kufakwe abantu abangu-128 ababhemayo abavamile ababhemayo abaphambene nomthetho kulolu cwaningo, okwathi abangu-121 kwakungabesifazane kanti abangu-7 kwakungabesilisa. Kusetshenziswe uhlu lwemibuzo oluvulekile oluhlolwe kusengaphambili ukuze kuqoqwe idatha. Idatha yaqoqwa ngendlela yokuxoxisana ngqo. Indlela yokuqoqa amasampula e-Snowball yasetshenziswa ekuqoqeni ulwazi mayelana nabantu ababhemayo abavamile abaphambene nomthetho. Izingxoxo zaqhubeka kwaze kwaba yilapho ulwazi olusha lunganikezi ukuqonda okwengeziwe ngezigaba. Abantu ababengakwazi ukuqonda imiyalo nemibuzo yomlomo futhi abangazange banikeze imvume enolwazi bakhishwa ocwaningweni. Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-MS Office Excel kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-Chi-square kwe-Goodness of fit.
Ngokungafani nababhemayo abavamile, kwatholakala izizathu ezintsha ezahlukahlukene zokuqala kabusha.ukubhema, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi babefunde lo mkhuba konina. Lokhu kwalandelwa ezinye izizathu ezifana nokucindezela kontanga, ubungane, kanye nezimo zezulu ezibandayo.
Isiphetho:
Lolu cwaningo lunikeze ukuqonda ngezici ezahlukahlukene ezingathonya umuntu ukuba athathe lo mkhuba ongavamile wokushintsha indlela acabanga ngayo.ukubhema.
ENdiya, ugwayi uyabhenywa futhi uhlafunwe ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa kukagwayi, okuphambene nalokhoukubhemauhlobo olungavamile lweukubhemalapho umuntu obhemayo efaka khona ingxenye ekhanyisiwe ye-chutta emlonyeni wakhe ngesikhathi ebhema bese ephefumula intuthu evela engxenyeni ekhanyisiwe. I-chutta iyi-cheroot elungiselelwe kahle ehluka ngobude kusukela ku-5 kuya ku-9 cm engase igoqwe ngesandla noma ikhiqizwe efektri [Isithombe 1].[1] Ngokuvamile, umuntu obhemayo obuyela emuva ubhema ama-chutta amabili ngosuku ngoba kulolu hlobo lwe-ukubhemaI-chutta ihlala isikhathi eside. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu angaphakathi komlomo we-chutta angafinyelela ku-760°C, kanti umoya wangaphakathi komlomo ungashiswa ufike ku-120°C.[2] Umoya unikezwa endaweni yokushisa ngokusebenzisa ugwayi ongashiswanga, ngesikhathi esifanayo, intuthu ikhishwa emlonyeni bese umlotha uphonswa noma ugwinywe. Izindebe zigcina i-chutta imanzi, okwandisa isikhathi sayo sokusetshenziswa kusukela emizuzwini emi-2 kuya kweyi-18. Ocwaningweni, kulinganiselwa ukuthi inani labantu abacishe babe ngu-43.8% kubantu basemakhaya abayi-10396 litholakale libhema ngokuphambene, kanti isilinganiso sabesifazane nabesilisa singu-1.7:1.[3] Umkhuba wokuphambeneukubhemakuyisiko elithile nelingavamile emaqenjini anezinsiza eziphansi zokonga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liziveza ezindaweni ezifudumele noma ezishisayo, lapho kuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi nantathu yokuphila. Umkhuba wokwenza okuphambene nalokhoukubhemakwaziwa ukuthi kwenziwa ngabantu baseMelika (indawo yaseCaribbean, eColumbia, ePanama, eVenezuela), e-Asia (eNingizimu India), kanye naseYurophu (eSardinia).[4] ESeemandhra Pradesh, kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezisogwini zaseGodavari, eVisakhapatnam, eVizianagaram, naseSrikakulam. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe ukuze kufundwe izici zengqondo ezingathonya i-reverse chutta.ukubhema, okusakazeke kakhulu ezifundeni ezisogwini olusempumalanga ye-Andhra Pradesh, eNdiya, ikakhulukazi iVishakhapatnam neSrikakulum.
Ucwaningo lwamanje luwucwaningo olusezingeni eliphezulu olwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe izici zengqondo nezenhlalo ezihlobene nokubuyela emuvaukubhemaUlwazi mayelana nezici zomphakathi nezengqondo ezihlobene nokubuyela emuvaukubhemakwaqoqwa kusetshenziswa ingxoxo ehlelekile. Lolu cwaningo lwaluhlanganisa kuphela ababhemayo abaphambene nabasuka ezindaweni zase-Appughar nasePedhajalaripeta esifundeni saseVisakhapatnam e-Andhra Pradesh. Imvume yekomidi lokuziphatha yatholakala ekomidini lokuziphatha le-GITAM Dental College and Hospital. Kwasetshenziswa uhlu lwemibuzo oluvulekile oluhlolwe kusengaphambili ukuze kuqoqwe idatha. Uhlu lwemibuzo lwalungiswa ngabafundisi abaphezulu emnyangweni wezokwelapha ngomlomo kanye ne-Radiology, futhi kwenziwa ucwaningo lokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lolu hlu lwemibuzo luyiqiniso. Lonke uhlu lwemibuzo lwalungiswa ngolimi lwendawo futhi lwanikezwa ababhemayo abaphambene nababecelwe ukuba balugcwalise. Kubantu ababengakwazi ukufunda nokubhala, imibuzo yayibuzwa ngomlomo futhi izimpendulo zabo zaqoshwa. Ngenxa yokuthi iningi lababhemayo abaphambene babengabadobi nabangakwazi ukufunda nokubhala, sathola usizo kubaholi bendawo noma kumuntu wendawo owayebazi kahle; naphezu kwalokhu, kwabhekana nobunzima ekuncengeni abesifazane abenza lo mkhuba becashela abayeni babo kanye nomphakathi. Amasampula aqoqwe kusetshenziswa indlela yokuqoqa amasampula e-snowball, kanti ukulinganisa usayizi wesampula kubalwe ngokusekelwe ekusabalaleni okungu-43.8%, [2] ngephutha elivumelekile elingu-20% le-P okwakungu-128. Esikhathini esingangenyanga eyodwa, kwenziwa ukuxhumana komuntu nomuntu nabantu bomdabu abangaba ngu-128 besifunda saseVisakhapatnam, abangu-121 kubo babengabesifazane kanti abangu-7 babengabesilisa. Idatha yaqoqwa ngendlela yokuxoxisana ngqo. Bonke abahlanganyeli bathole imvume enolwazi ngaphambilini ukuze bahlanganyele ocwaningweni. Izingxoxo zaqhubeka kwaze kwaba yilapho ulwazi olusha lunganikezi ukuqonda okwengeziwe ngezigaba. Abantu ababengaqondi imiyalo nemibuzo yomlomo futhi abangazange banikeze imvume enolwazi bakhishwa ocwaningweni. Idatha eqoqwe yahlolwa futhi yahlolwa ngezibalo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-30-2024