Umbukiso Wokupakisha waseShenzhen uyaqonda ukuthi ukupakisha kubhekisela enkambisweni yokufaka izimpahla noma izinto ezitsheni ezifanele, ezikhwameni zokupakisha, emabhokisini, emabhodleleni, njll., okuhloswe ukufeza izinjongo eziningi.ibhokisi likagwayi wensangu njengokuvikela, ukuthutha, ukubonisa, kanye nokuthengisa. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokupakisha ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo nokugwema umonakalo noma ukuwohloka ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa nokugcinwa kwayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukupakisha kuyindlela ebalulekile yokudlulisela ulwazi lomkhiqizo kanye nemibono yomkhiqizo kubathengi, okusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukukhanga kwemakethe kanye nokuncintisana kwemikhiqizo.
Umklamo kanye nokukhethwa kwezintoibhokisi likagwayi wensangu Ukupakishwa kuyaguquguquka futhi kuyahlukahluka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezici zomkhiqizo ezahlukene kanye nezidingo zemakethe. Kuye ngezinto ezisetshenzisiwe, ukupakishwa kungahlukaniswa kube ukupakishwa kwekhadibhodi, ukupakishwa kwepulasitiki, ukupakishwa kwensimbi, ukupakishwa kwengilazi, ukupakishwa kwefayibha, njll. Izinto ngazinye zinezinzuzo zazo ezihlukile kanye nokusebenza kwazo, njengokuthi ukupakishwa kwekhadibhodi kunobungani nemvelo futhi kushibhile, ukupakishwa kwepulasitiki akungeni manzi futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside, ukupakishwa kwensimbi akucindezeli futhi kuhle, ukupakishwa kwengilazi kuyabonakala futhi kusezingeni eliphezulu, njll.
Ukupakisha kungahlukaniswa futhi ngokwendlela okusetshenziswa ngayo, okuhlanganisa ukupakisha kwabathengi, ukupakisha kwezimboni kanye nokupakisha kwezokuthutha. Ukupakisha imikhiqizo yabathengi kugxila ebuhleni nasekukhangiseni ukuze kudonsele abathengi ukuthi bathenge; ukupakisha kwezimboni kugcizelela ukuvikelwa kanye nokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza kwezimboni; kuyilapho ukupakisha kwezokuthutha kugxila ekuqineni nasekulula ukuze kube lula ukuthuthwa kwemikhiqizo ibanga elide. Ukufika okuphephile lapho uya khona ngesikhathi sokuthutha.
Umbukiso Wokupakisha waseShenzhen uyaqonda ukuthiibhokisi likagwayi wensangu Ukupakisha akulona nje ithuluzi lokuvikela nokuthutha umkhiqizo, kodwa futhi kuyindlela ebalulekile yokwakha nokuthengisa umkhiqizo. Ngokuklama ngokucophelela nokusetshenziswa ngobuhlakani, ukupakisha kungandisa inani elengeziwe lemikhiqizo, kuthuthukise isifiso sabathengi sokuthenga, futhi kufake ugqozi oluqinile ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwamabhizinisi. Imboni yokupakisha iyinsimu ebanzi nehlukahlukene, ehlanganisa izici eziningi kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa,ibhokisi likagwayi wensangu ukwakheka kokupakisha, ukukhiqiza kanye nokucubungula kuya ekuthengiseni nasekuthuthweni kwempahla. Ngokuthuthuka komnotho womhlaba kanye nezidingo zabathengi ezishintshayo, imboni yokupakisha ibhekana nokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye noshintsho olusheshayo.
Uchungechunge lwemboni yokupakisha luhilela kakhulu ukuhlinzekwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa iphepha, izinhlayiya zepulasitiki, amashidi ensimbi, ingilazi kanye nezinto ezihlukahlukene zefayibha. Lezi zinto zokusetshenziswa zidlala indima ebalulekile embonini yokupakisha.
Umbukiso Wokupakisha waseShenzhen ufunde ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okungezansi kwemboni yokupakisha kubanzi kakhulu, kuhlanganisa izimboni eziningi ezifana nokudla neziphuzo, izinto zasendlini, izinto zikagesi ezisetshenziswa ngabathengi, izinto zokuthutha ze-e-commerce, imishini nemishini, imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, amakhemikhali ansuku zonke, kanye nemikhiqizo yezokwelapha neyezempilo. Kulezi zimboni, ukupakisha akuyona nje indlela ebalulekile yokuvikela imikhiqizo nokuthuthukisa ukuthengiswa komkhiqizo, kodwa futhi kuthinta ngqo isithombe somkhiqizo kanye nokuncintisana kwemakethe komkhiqizo.
Ikakhulukazi embonini yokwenza amaphepha, izimboni zayo ezingezansi zihlukahlukene kakhulu, zimboza cishe yonke imikhakha efana nokudla neziphuzo, izinto zasendlini, izinto zikagesi ezisetshenziswa ngabathengi, izinto zokuthutha ze-e-commerce, imishini nemishini, amakhemikhali, amakhemikhali ansuku zonke, imithi kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukupakisha kudlala indima ebalulekile ebhizinisini nasempilweni yansuku zonke.
Isimo sokuthuthukiswa kwe-ibhokisi likagwayi wensangu imboni yokupakisha
Imboni yokupakisha yaseShayina inesidingo esikhulu sezenhlalo futhi okuqukethwe kwayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kuyanda unyaka nonyaka. Isibe yingxenye ebalulekile nebalulekile yomnotho wezwe. Ngokudluliselwa kwezimboni zokucubungula nezokukhiqiza zomhlaba wonke kanye nokusekelwa okuqinile okuvela kuhulumeni, inani lamabhizinisi embonini yokupakisha yezwe lami likhula kancane kancane. Ngokwezibalo zakamuva, inani lezinkampani zokupakisha ezingaphezu kosayizi oqokiwe ezweni lami lizofinyelela ku-9,860 ngo-2022, ukwanda okungu-1,029 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021.
Ngokuphathelene nemali engenayo yokusebenza, amabhizinisi okupakisha ezwe lami angaphezulu kosayizi oqokiwe athole imali engenayo engama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,229.334 ngo-2022, okuwukwenyuka kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-25.153 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021. Ngokuphathelene nezigaba zemboni, ukupakisha amaphepha kanye nokupakisha amafilimu epulasitiki kuthatha isabelo semakethe esikhulu kunazo zonke, okubalwa isamba esingu-31.09%. Kulandelwa imboni yezitsha zephepha nekhadibhodi, ebalwa u-24.77%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhokisi nezitsha zokupakisha zepulasitiki, izitsha zokupakisha zensimbi nezinto zokwakha, imishini ekhethekile yokucubungula ipulasitiki, izitsha zokupakisha zengilazi, imikhiqizo yekhokho kanye neminye imikhiqizo yokhuni nayo ithatha isabelo esithile semakethe.
Ngokuphathelene nenzuzo, ngo-2022, amabhizinisi okupakisha ezwe lami angaphezulu kosayizi oqokiwe athole inzuzo ephelele yama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-63.107. Phakathi kwawo, imboni yamafilimu epulasitiki inesabelo senzuzo ephezulu, efinyelela ku-33.91%. Izitsha zephepha nekhadibhodi, amabhokisi okupakisha epulasitiki nezitsha, imishini ekhethekile yokucubungula ipulasitiki, izitsha zokupakisha zensimbi nezinto zokwakha, kanye nezitsha zokupakisha zengilazi nazo zibala ingxenye ethile yenzuzo.
Ngokuphathelene nokuhweba kwamanye amazwe, imboni yokupakisha yezwe lami igcine imali eningi. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuDisemba 2022, inani eliqongelelekayo lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe embonini yokupakisha kazwelonke lalingu-US$55.252 billion, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-12.85%; inani layo eliqongelelekayo lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe lalingu-US$14.111 billion, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka okungu-15.05%. Ngokuphathelene nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukupakisha kwepulasitiki uhlobo lomkhiqizo oyinhloko wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ezweni lami, okuhlanganisa u-65.91%. Ngokuphathelene nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, ukupakisha kwepulasitiki nakho kuphethe isikhundla esiphezulu, okuhlanganisa u-90.13% wenani lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe.
Ngokombono wokusatshalaliswa kwendawo eShenzhenibhokisi likagwayi wensangu Umbukiso Wokupakisha, izifundazwe eziyinhloko zokuthumela ngaphandle embonini yokupakisha yezwe lami ngo-2022 yiSifundazwe saseGuangdong, iSifundazwe saseZhejiang kanye neSifundazwe saseJiangsu, ezibalelwa ku-26.40%, 21.01% kanye no-11.90% wenani lokuthumela ngaphandle ngokulandelana. Ngokuphathelene nokungenisa, iJiangsu, iGuangdong, kanye neShanghai yizifundazwe eziyinhloko zokungenisa ngaphakathi embonini yokupakisha yezwe lami, ezibalelwa ku-29.04%, 24.10%, kanye no-18.76% wenani lokungenisa ngokulandelana. Imboni yokupakisha kulezi zindawo ithuthuke ngokushesha futhi ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe kuyasebenza, kwenza iminikelo ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni okuphelele kwemboni yokupakisha yezwe lami.
Indawo yokuncintisana yemboni yokupakisha
Iqhutshwa ukukhula okusheshayo komnotho wezwe lami, imboni yokupakisha nayo ifinyelele intuthuko enkulu eqhubekayo. Amandla amakhulu emakethe kanye nesimo sentuthuko esiphezulu kudonsele ukungena kwamabhizinisi amaningi aziwayo asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kanye nemali eyimfihlo. Izinkampani zokupakisha ezinkulu zincintisana kakhulu ngenxa yomnotho wazo omkhulu ekuthengweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla, futhi kancane kancane zithatha isabelo semakethe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba izidingo zokuvikela imvelo ziya ngokuya ziba nzima, ubuchwepheshe kanye nezinto embonini yokupakisha nazo ziyathuthuka njalo, okubangela ukuthi ezinye izinkampani ezincane zihoxe kancane kancane emakethe. Ikakhulukazi ezinkampanini ezisohlwini, kulula ngazo ukuthola ukwesekwa kwezezimali okungabizi kakhulu ukuze kwandiswe ibhizinisi ngokushesha.
Umbukiso Wokupakisha waseShenzhen uthole ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje, iphepha le-kraft seliyiphepha elikhethwayo emikhakheni eminingi ngenxa yamandla alo aphezulu, ukuguquguquka kanye nomthelela ophansi emvelweni. Eqinisweni, esinye sezici zalo eziyinhloko ukuthi lingasetshenziswa kabusha ngo-100% futhi linobungani nemvelo.
Iyini iphepha le-kraft
Umbukiso Wokupakisha waseShenzhen uthole ukuthi iphepha le-kraft liyiphepha noma ikhadibhodi elikhiqizwa nge-pulp yamakhemikhali ekhiqizwa yinqubo yephepha le-kraft. Ngenxa yenqubo ye-kraft pulp, iphepha le-kraft lokuqala liqinile, alinamanzi, alidabuki, futhi linombala ophuzi onsundu.
I-pulp ye-kraft imnyama kunezinye izingcezu zokhuni, kodwa ingafakwa i-bleach ukuze ikhiqize i-pulp emhlophe kakhulu. I-pulp ye-kraft efakwe i-bleach ngokugcwele isetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwephepha lekhwalithi ephezulu lapho ukuqina, ubumhlophe kanye nokumelana nokuphuzi kubalulekile.
Umehluko phakathi kwephepha le-kraft nephepha elivamile:
Abanye abantu bangase bathi, yiphepha nje, yini ekhethekile ngalo? Kalula nje, iphepha le-kraft liqinile.
Ngenxa yenqubo yephepha le-kraft okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambili, ukhuni oluningi luyasuswa ephepheni lephepha le-kraft, kushiye imicu eminingi ngemuva, okwenza iphepha libe nezakhiwo zalo ezingadabuki futhi ezihlala isikhathi eside.
Iphepha lokuqala elinombala we-kraft livame ukuba nezimbobo kakhulu kunephepha elivamile, okwenza umphumela walo wokuphrinta ube mubi kancane, kodwa lifaneleka kakhulu kwezinye izinqubo ezikhethekile, njengokufaka i-embossing noma ukufaka i-hot stamping.
Umlando kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza iphepha le-kraft
Umbukiso Wokupakisha waseShenzhen uthole ukuthi iphepha le-kraft liyinto yokupakisha evame ukusetshenziswa futhi liqanjwe ngenqubo yokugaya iphepha le-kraft. Inqubo yephepha le-kraft yasungulwa nguCarl F. Dahl eDanzig, ePrussia, eJalimane ngo-1879. Igama layo livela esiJalimaneni: elithi “Kraft” lisho amandla noma ubungqabavu.
Izithako eziyisisekelo zokwenza i-kraft pulp yi-wood fibre, amanzi, amakhemikhali kanye nokushisa. I-Kraft pulp yenziwa ngokuxuba i-wood fibre nesisombululo se-caustic soda kanye ne-sodium sulfide bese uyipheka ku-digester.
I-pulp idlula ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza kanye nokulawula izinqubo ezifana nokucwilisa, ukupheka, ukufiphaza i-pulp, ukushaya, usayizi, ukwenza mhlophe, ukuhlanza, ukuhlola, ukwakha, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokucindezela, ukomisa, ukuhlanganisa ikhalenda, kanye nokugoqa, bese ekugcineni ikhiqiza iphepha le-kraft.
Ukusetshenziswa kwephepha le-kraft kuibhokisi likagwayi wensangu ukupakishwa
Namuhla, iphepha le-kraft lisetshenziswa kakhulu emabhokisini ahlanganisiwe, kanye nephepha lepulasitiki elingenazingozi elisetshenziswa ezikhwameni zephepha ezifana nosimende, ukudla, amakhemikhali, izimpahla ezisetshenziswayo, izikhwama zikafulawa, njll.
Ngenxa yokuqina nokusebenza kahle kwephepha le-kraft, amabhokisi anezinti athandwa kakhulu embonini yezokuthutha okusheshayo. Amabhokisi angavikela imikhiqizo kahle futhi angamelana nezimo zokuthutha ezinzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intengo nezindleko kuhambisana nentuthuko yenkampani.
Umbukiso Wokupakisha waseShenzhen ufunde ukuthi amabhokisi ephepha le-kraft avame ukusetshenziswa yizinkampani ukufeza imigomo yentuthuko esimeme, futhi abonisa ngokucacile izinhlelo zokuvikela imvelo ngokubonakala okulula nokwangempela kwephepha le-kraft elinsundu. Iphepha le-kraft liguquguquka kakhulu futhi linikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zokupakisha ezintsha embonini yokupakisha yanamuhla.
Ngokuvamile sizokhetha ifilimu yebhamuza ukuze sipakishe umkhiqizo
Inzuzo yokugoqa amabhamuza ukumuncwa kwezinto ngokushaqeka kanye nokufakwa kwe-buffer. Ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuphathwa nokuthuthwa kwezinto, ukusebenzisa i-bubble wrap ukupakisha izinto kungavikela izinto kahle futhi kugweme ukushayisana nomonakalo. Njengamanje, ezinye izimboni zezandla, izimboni zezimoto noma zezithuthuthu zizokhetha ifilimu yamabhamuza ukupakisha nokuthutha izimpahla, okungekona nje kuphela okungabizi futhi okulula, kodwa futhi okungavikela izimpahla ngempumelelo.
Ifilimu yebhamuza yenziwe ngezinto ezi-resin. Ingqimba ephakathi yefilimu yebhamuza igcwele umoya, ngakho-ke sizothola ukuthi ifilimu yebhamuza ilula kakhulu futhi inokuguquguquka okuhle. Ngakho-ke, ifilimu yebhamuza inomoya omuhle wokungena. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifilimu yebhamuza nayo inezici ezivelele zokulwa nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nomswakama. Kungenxa yesakhiwo sayo esiyingqayizivele nezinto zokwakha ukuthi ifilimu yebhamuza ngeke imunce umswakama futhi inezakhiwo ezithile zokumelana nomswakama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifilimu yebhamuza ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukugqwala kwezinye izinto ezigqwalisayo ze-asidi kanye ne-alkali, njengeminye imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, imikhiqizo ebonwayo nezwi noma ezinye izimonyo zingapakishwa nge-bubble wrap ukuze zivikeleke ngempumelelo.
I-Shenzhenibhokisi likagwayi wensanguUmbukiso Wokupakisha ufunde ukuthi, ekugcineni, ifilimu yamabhamuza nayo inezakhiwo ezinhle zokuvikela umsindo, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kwezinto ezithile ezinkulu, ukusetshenziswa kwefilimu yamabhamuza kungadlala indima yokuvikela umsindo, ikakhulukazi kwezinye izinto ezithuthwa ehlobo, ukusetshenziswa kwefilimu yamabhamuza kufanelekile.
Ukusonga ngamabhamuza akunambala, akunaphunga futhi akunabo ubuthi. Akugcini nje ngokuba nokusebenza okuhle nezinzuzo, kodwa futhi kungenziwa ngezifiso ngobukhulu obuhlukene kanye nezimo ngokwezidingo zethu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezimo ezengeziwe zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nezidingo zokusebenzisa.
Umehluko phakathi kwefilimu ye-gourd nefilimu ye-bubble
Umbukiso Wokupakisha waseShenzhen uthole ukuthi iphuzu lokuqala usayizi webhamuza ngemva kokwehla kwamandla emali. Ngemva kokwehla kwamandla emaliibhokisi likagwayi wensanguIfilimu yebhamuza ifuthwe, amabhamuza akheke mancane kakhulu futhi ibhamuza ngalinye lizimele. Izindawo lapha azivikelwe uma ibhamuza liqhuma. Ulwelwesi lweCalabash luhlukile. Amabhamuza akheke ngemva kokuba ifilimu yebhamuza ifuthwe makhulu, futhi igesi eningi ingamelana nokushaywa okukhulu futhi ivikele umkhiqizo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabhamuza efilimu yebhamuza axhunywe ngokulandelana. Uma ibhamuza licindezelwa futhi liguquguquka ngamandla amakhulu okushaya, igesi ebhamuza izocindezelwa kwamanye amabhamuza ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo ngenxa yokucindezela okuphezulu. Lapho la mandla enyamalala, igesi ibuyela esimweni sayo sokuqala sebhamuza futhi ibuyele esimweni sayo sokuqala. Njengefilimu yebhamuza, ifilimu yebhamuza ingasonga imikhiqizo ngendlela yokusonga futhi ivikele imikhiqizo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngaphandle kwamabala angaboni.
Iphuzu lesibili yizindleko. Ngokombono wentengo yokuthenga, ifilimu yebhamuza kanye nefilimu yebhamuza cishe kufana. Kodwa ngokwezindleko eziphelele, ifilimu yebhamuza ifaneleka kakhulu. Kungani usho lokhu? Ngoba ifilimu yebhamuza ifuthwa ngemva kokukhiqizwa kwayo. Inkulu kakhulu futhi ithatha isikhala esiningi kanye nezinsiza. I-Calabash membrane ihlukile. Ngemva kokukhiqizwa kwefilimu yebhamuza, igcinwa efilimini egoqwayo. Ishidi elilodwa lilingana namaphepha amabili e-A4 kuphela, okusindisa indawo yokugcina kanye nesikhala sokuhamba kanye nezindleko.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-27-2024