Inqubo yokupakishwa komkhiqizo izothintwa isimo sezulu kanye nezici zemvelo. Ngoba uhla lokujikeleza kweUKukupakishwa kukagwayi imikhiqizo iyahlukahluka kakhulu kungakhathaliseki izimo zesifunda zezulu nezemvelo. Abaklami bonjiniyela bokupakisha kudingeka baqonde imithetho eshintshayo yezimo zemvelo yesimo sezulu, bafunde umthelela wezimo zezulu zemvelo ekusebenzeni kanye nekhwalithi yamaphakheji, futhi banikeze isivikelo esidingekayo ukuze ukupakisha kukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokupakishwa komkhiqizo phakathi nesikhathi esithile sokulondoloza noma impilo yeshalofu. , futhi unciphise ukulahleka kwenqubo yokujikeleza phakathi.
Izici ze-Meteorological ezithintaUkupakishwa kukagwayi wase-UK ubuchwepheshe bhekisela ezimweni zezulu, ezihlanganisa ikakhulukazi izinga lokushisa, umswakama, imvula neqhwa, imisebe yomoya nelanga, njll.
1. Uhudo
Inani elibonakalayo eliveza izinga lokushisa nokubanda komkhathi, okungukuthi izinga lokushisa lomoya. Izinga lokushisa emkhathini ngokuvamile libhekisela ekushiseni okubonwa yisiteshi sesimo sezulu, okungukuthi, izinga lokushisa lomoya eliba ngamamitha angu-2 ukusuka phansi, ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile kanye nokuhamba komoya okuhle.
I-Latitude iyisici esiyinhloko ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, kulandelwa indawo yendawo kanye nokuphakama. Izwe lethu linendawo enkulu, enomehluko omkhulu wokuphakama kwesimo sezulu ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu eTurpan Basin lake lafinyelela ku-48°C, kuyilapho i-Mohe, i-Heilongjiang, ihlangabezane namazinga okushisa aphansi njenge-minus 50°C. Isifunda esisempumalanga sinezindawo ezishisayo, ezishisayo, ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, ezibandayo nezinye izindawo zesimo sezulu ukusuka eningizimu kuya enyakatho. E-Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, kunezindawo zasemakhaya ezinezintaba eziphakeme kanye nezimo zezulu ezibanda unyaka wonke. Izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu linezinguquko ze-diurnal kanye nonyaka, okwenza izinga lokushisa lomoya libe nezinguquko ze-diurnal kanye nonyaka. Lolu shintsho luhamba ngomjikelezo futhi lubangelwa izinguquko kwisabelomali semisebe engaphansi.
Amazinga okushisa ansuku zonke anenani eliphezulu nelincane. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lenzeka eduze nokuphuma kwelanga. Ngemva kokuphuma kwelanga, umoya uyakhuphuka kancane kancane, ufinyelele inani eliphakeme kakhulu phakathi kuka-14 no-15 emini, bese wehla kancane kancane kuze kuphume ilanga. Umehluko phakathi kwezinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu emini nasebusuku libizwa ngokuthi izinga lokushisa le-diurnal, elihlobene ne-latitude, isizini, i-topography, izakhiwo ezingaphezulu, izimo zezulu kanye nokuphakama.
Ukushintsha kwaminyaka yonke kwezinga lokushisa nakho kunenani eliphakeme kanye nenani elincane (ngaphandle kwezindawo eziseduze nenkabazwe). Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu onyakeni lenzeka ehlobo, ikakhulukazi ngo-July ezweni elikhulu futhi ngo-August olwandle. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lenzeka ebusika, kakhulukazi ngoMasingana ezwekazini futhi ngoFebhuwari olwandle. Umehluko phakathi kwezinga lokushisa elivamile lenyanga eshisa kakhulu kanye nezinga lokushisa elivamile lenyanga ebanda kakhulu onyakeni libizwa ngokuthi izinga lokushisa lonyaka. Ngokufanayo, ubukhulu bayo buhlobene nezinto ezifana ne-latitude, i-topography, izakhiwo zomhlabathi, izimo zezulu kanye nokuphakama. Ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni ezishisayo, izinga lokushisa elivamile lonyaka kuleli zwekazi lingafinyelela ku-20°C, kuyilapho ezindaweni ezisogwini icishe ibe ngu-5°C, futhi izinga lokushisa lonyaka alilikhulu. Ibanga lonyaka likhulu kakhulu endaweni epholile, futhi likhuphuka ngokwanda kwe-latitude nokushona phakathi nezwe. Uhla lwaminyaka yonke ngasogwini lolwandle lucishe lube yi-15°C, kuyilapho ezwekazini ingafinyelela ku-50~60°C.
Ukushintsha kwansuku zonke kwezinga lokushisa kuzoba nomthelela kwikhwalithi yokupakisha. Ezindaweni ezishisayo ezishisayo ezinokwehluka okukhulu kakhulu kwe-diurnal, izinga lokushisa le-diurnal lingasondela ku-30°C phakathi kwamahora angu-8 kusukela ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga. Umehluko omkhulu wamazinga okushisa wansuku zonke ungase ubangele izinguquko ezinzima zomswakama ohlobene kumaphakheji avaliwe.
Imisebenzi esemqoka yokupakishwa kokudla ukuvimbela ukudla ukuthi kungonakali endaweni ejikelezayo, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi, ukuvimbela ukudla ukuthi kungangcoliswa amagciwane kanye nokungcola, ukusebenzisa imishini nokupakisha okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukwenza ukukhiqizwa kube okunengqondo, nokukhuthaza nokwenza ngcono ukudla. ukujikeleza. kanye nokuphathwa kwebhizinisi ukuze kwenyuswe inani lempahla yokudla. Kuze kube manje, ukupakishwa kokudla kusebenzisa uchungechunge lobuchwepheshe obusha nezinqubo, okuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha izikhwama ze-retort, ubuchwepheshe bokudla obuqandiswe ngokushesha, ukugcinwa okusha.Ukupakishwa kukagwayi wase-UK ubuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha be-aseptic, njll. Uma sithatha isibonelo se-aseptic packaging yeziphuzo zejusi yezithelo, sizohlaziya inqubo yokwakhiwa kwemithethonqubo yenqubo yokupakisha isiphuzo 1. Izimpawu zeziphuzo zezithelo kanye nezidingo ezithile zokupakishwa.
Ijusi lenziwa ngezithelo ezahlukene, ezihluka ngokwakheka kanye nezakhiwo. Izici eziyinhloko ezihlobene nokupakishwa yi-acidity, ama-enzyme, uvithamini C, umbala kanye nephunga elimnandi lejusi.
Zonke izithelo namajusi aqukethe ama-asidi e-organic ngamazinga ahlukahlukene. Ama-acids e-organic angagcina iphunga eliyingqayizivele lezithelo, enze abantu bajabulele, futhi banenzuzo empilweni yomuntu. Ngakho-ke, amazinga okupakisha akumele avikele kuphela ama-asidi e-organic kumajusi wezithelo, kodwa futhi avimbele ukwakheka kwama-asidi e-organic. Umthelela olimazayo wama-asidi emaphaketheni. I-pH yokudla kwejusi yezitheloukupakishwa kukagwayi wase-uk ngokuvamile ingaphansi kuka-4.5. Amagciwane ngeke akhule ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile. Ukuwohloka kwejusi yezithelo kubangelwa ikakhulukazi imvubelo nesikhunta. Ezingeni lokushisa lasekamelweni, amajusi aluhlaza ayawohloka ngenxa yokuvutshelwa kotshwala, okubuye kubangele ukugcwala kwe-asidi kotshwala nesithelo ngenxa yemvubelo noma ukukhula kwesikhunta phezulu. Ukuze uvimbele ukubola, kufanele ifakwe inzalo ngokushesha ngokushisa okuphezulu
Okusho ukuthi, sebenzisa ipuleti noma isishintshi sokushisa seshubhu ukushisa ijusi ibe ngu-110°C bese uyigcina imizuzwana engu-15, noma hlunga bese wengeza izivimbelakuvunda ukuze uqede ijusi or vimbela imiphumela elimazayo yemvubelo. I-Vitamin C ejusi ilahleka kalula, ikakhulukazi ezitsheni zensimbi ezinensimbi empofu, ithusi noma i-tin plating. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-ion ensimbi, i-vitamin C i-oxidized kalula. Ngakho-ke, ukupheka okusheshayo kunganciphisa umphumela we-ascorbic acid oxidase. , kunciphisa ukusabela kwe-oxidation futhi kuvikele uvithamini C. Ukusebenzisa izinto ezingangeni moya nezivikela ukukhanya nokugcina emazingeni okushisa aphansi kuzonciphisa nokulahlekelwa uvithamini C. Ukwengeza inani elithile le-sulfite phakathi nokukheniwa nakho kunomphumela ovikelayo kuvithamini C. 2.
Idizayini yesiqukathi se-aseptic sokufaka ijusi Ukudla kwejusi kufakwa inzalo ngokushesha emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, bese izinga lokushisa lehliswa libe ngu-20-30.°C ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zobunyumba. Ukufakwa kwe-Aseptic kokudla kwejusi yezithelo kuwuhlelo lokupakisha olubeka ijusi oyinyumba, iziqukathi zokupakisha kanye nezinto ezisizayo zokupakisha endaweni eyinyumba, futhi lisebenzisa umshini wokugcwalisa i-aseptic ukugcwalisa nokuvala.
Iziqukathi zokupakisha ezisetshenziswa ekufakweni kwe-aseptic zifaka izinkomishi, amabhokisi, izikhwama, imiphongolo, njll., futhi izinto zokupakisha zingamafilimu ayinhlanganisela. Izinga leukupakishwa kukagwayi wase-uk amabhokisi enziwe amafilimu ayinhlanganisela angama-8% kuphela amabhodlela engilazi anomthamo ofanayo. Ayinayo nje kuphela izindleko eziphansi, kodwa futhi ikhiqiza imfucuza encane, ehambisana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Isakhiwo kanye nomklamo ongacacile webhokisi lokupakisha le-aseptic kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 8-4. Impahla yebhokisi ifilimu eyinhlanganisela, eyakhiwe ngezingqimba eziyisithupha zezinto zokwakha, okuyi-polyethylene/paper/polyethylene/aluminium foil/polyethylene/polyethylene composite Material, lapho u-75% uyiphepha, u-20% uyi-polyethylene, kanti u-5 osele. % yi-aluminium foil.
Ukuphrinta okuyingcaca, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukusika kanye nokusikwa kwephepha langaphandle lebhokisi lokupakisha konke kugcwaliswa abakhiqizi abangochwepheshe bese kulethwa efekthri yokupakisha ngendlela yokugoqa. Inyumba evamile emise okwesitiniUkupakishwa kukagwayi wase-UK ibhokisi emakethe linomthamo ongu-250mL, futhi ubukhulu balo bukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 8-4(b). Umugqa oqinile emfanekisweni umelela umugqa wokusika wekhonta, umugqa wamachashazi umelela umugqa wokugoqa ongaphakathi, futhi umugqa wamachashazi umelela umugqa wokuhlehlisa wokugoqa ongaphandle. Umqulu wempahla yokupakisha othuthelwa efekthri yokupakisha unobubanzi obungaba ngu-800mm nobude obungaba ngu-800m. Cishe amakhathoni ama-aseptic amise okwezitini angama-250m angakhiqizwa.
Izidakamizwa ziyimpahla ekhethekile ethinta impilo nokuphepha komuntu, ngakho-ke kufanele zikhiqizwe ngekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwazo. Ukuvikeleka kuyikhwalithi. I-Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) yezemithi eyenziwe yi-World Health Organization (W0) iwukusebenzisa ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi okuphelele enqubweni yokukhiqiza imithi, njengokulawula izinto ezingavuthiwe, inani kanye nokulethwa kokugcina, okuhlanganisa nezinqubo zokupakisha zokusebenza kwemithi. izimboni. Kunemithethonqubo ecacile mayelana nendawo, abasebenzi abasebenza emaphaketheni kanye neuk ugwayiukupakisha iziqukathi, izinto zokupakisha, izinto zokupakisha, izimpawu zokupakisha, njll. Kwabekwa izidingo eziqinile. Ngamafuphi, ukupakishwa kwemithi kufanele kuphephe futhi kuthembeke. Isivikelo esihle. Kulula ukucubungula. Khuthaza ukuthengisa, ukonga, ukusebenziseka kalula, ukudlulisa imininingwane neminye imisebenzi
1.Uk ugwayi packaging izidingo zemithi ehlukahlukene.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi, futhi izidingo zobuchwepheshe zokupakishwa zihlanganisa 1) Umthelela wezinto zangaphandle ekubunjweni kwamabhodlela emithi. Imithi isengozini enkulu ethonyeni lomzimba, amakhemikhali, amagciwane kanye nezimo zezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, emoyeni kanye nokwencika noodle. Kulula ukuyikhipha i-oxidize futhi ibangele izifo, kulula ukubola futhi ishintshe umbala lapho ibekwe ekukhanyeni, iyabola futhi iwonakele lapho ibhekene nomswakama, futhi kulula ukuvunguza futhi ithambe lapho ibhekene nokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela ibangele ukuba umuthi ulahlekelwe ukusebenza kwawo. Ngezinye izikhathi, esikhundleni sokwelapha lesi sifo, kungabangela ukugula futhi kubeke engozini ukuphepha kwempilo. ngakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwakheka, ukwakheka, ukwakheka komhlobiso kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto zokupakisha zokupakishwa kwemithi, into yokuqala okufanele icatshangelwe ukusebenza kwayo kokuvikela, okungukuthi, ukugcina ukusebenza kahle komuthi. Isilinganiso sesikhathi sokusebenza semithi iminyaka emi-2, kanti eminye ingafinyelela ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-3. Ngakho-ke, ukupakishwa kufanele futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi izithako zemithi zizinzile ngesikhathi sokusebenza futhi ngeke ziwohloke. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithamo yemithi ziwohloka ngezindlela ezahlukene. Imithi eqinile njengamaphilisi nezimpushana zingenwa umswakama. Lapho izinga lokushisa nomswakama kushintsha, ukwakheka kwazo kanye nekhwalithi kuzoshintsha kancane kancane. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokuba amaphilisi afakwe ushukela abe manzi, indawo engaphezulu izodliwa futhi izovela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imifantu izonciphisa okuqukethwe kwezithako eziyinhloko zomuthi futhi inciphise ukusebenza kwayo. Esinye isibonelo isenzakalo sokunamathela kwezimpushana nama-granules ngemva kokuthola umswakama, okunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yemithi. Uketshezi noma imijovo neminye imithi ayingenwa umswakama, kodwa ijwayele ukukhishwa i-oxidation lapho ithintana nomoya, okuzophinde kuguqule izingxenye eziyinhloko zomuthi futhi kubangele ukushintsha kombala. Noma imvula: Eminye imithi ingcoliswa kalula amagciwane, isikhunta, nesikhunta futhi iwohloke, ilahlekelwe amandla ayo ngokuphelele futhi ibe imikhiqizo ephansi.
Izidakamizwa ze-viscous ezifana nama-ejenti athambisayo zizothamba, noma zibe ne-oxidation kanye nokushintsha kombala ngaphansi kokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa nokuchayeka ekukhanyeni. 2 Izidingo zokupakishwa kwezidakamizwa. Okokuqala nje, isimo sengqondo sesiguli kanye nezidingo kufanele kucatshangelwe, futhi ulwazi olwanele kufanele lufakwe ukuze abathengi bakwazi ukuqonda izithako kanye nesizinda sokukhiqiza somuthi, ukusebenza kwawo ngqo kulesi sifo, nendlela yokuwuthatha. Idizayini kufanele ibonise umuzwa wokuvikeleka nokwethenjwa futhi kufanele kube lula ukuyisebenzisa, ukuyiphatha nokugcina. Kufanele futhi kubhekwe njengento evumelana nokupakisha okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqiza. Ithebula 8-6 likhombisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamafomu omthamo wemithi kanye namafomu okupakisha asetshenziselwa ireferensi.
2. Idizayini yezemithiUkupakishwa kukagwayi wase-UKimisebenzi yokuzivikela.
Ngokusekelwe endaweni yokujikeleza kwemithi, njengezinga lokushisa, umswakama, umoya-mpilo, ukukhanya, njll., kanye nezici zamafomu omthamo wemithi, izinqubo zokupakisha ezifanele kanye nezinto zokwakha kufanele zikhethelwe umklamo wokupakisha ovikelayo. Ngemithi ethinteka kalula umswakama, izinto zokupakisha ezivikela umswakama kufanele zisetshenziswe.
Ukusatshalaliswa komswakama olinganiselwe emhlabeni kuyashintsha nge-latitude. Ukusuka enkabazwe ukuya ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nendawo (cishe ama-35°), umswakama ohlobene wehla nge-latitude ekhulayo. Uma ushintsha ukusuka ku-latitude emaphakathi ukuya ku-latitude ephezulu, njengoba izinga lokushisa lincipha kancane kancane, umswakama ohlobene uyakhuphuka ngokwanda kwe-latitude.
Indawo eseningizimu yoMfula i-Yangtze ezweni lakithi inomswakama uma kuqhathaniswa, inesilinganiso sonyaka somswakama ohlobene no-70% kuya ku-80% kanye nomswakama ophelele ongu-1.6 kuya ku-2.4kPa; inani elinqwabelene lezikhathi zonyaka zonyaka womswakamo ngaphezu kwama-80% zenza ama-50% engqikithi yamahora onyaka. Amahora anomswakama ongu-90% ahlanganisa ngaphezu kwama-25% onyaka. Isilinganiso sonyaka somswakama ohlobene e-Yellow River Basin singama-70%, kanti umswakama ophelele ngu-1.2kPa; I-Northeast China
Umswakama ojwayelekile wonyaka endaweni ungama-70%, kanti umswakama ophelele ungu-0.8kPa kuphela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-05-2024