Inqubo yokupakisha yomkhiqizo izothinteka ngenxa yesimo sezulu kanye nezinto zezemvelo. Ngoba uhla lwendida lweUKUkupakishwa kukagwayi Imikhiqizo iyahluka kakhulu kungakhathalekile ukuthi izimo ze-meteorological kanye nezemvelo. Abaqambi bokufaka ubunjiniyela badinga ukuqonda imithetho eguqukayo yezimo zemvelo ze-meteorological, funda umthelela wezimo zemvelo ezenzakalelayo ekusebenzeni nasezingeni elifanelekile ukuze ipakelo lihlangabezane nesikhathi sokufaka umkhiqizo othile wesitoreji noma impilo yeshelufu, futhi inciphise ukulahleka kwenqubo yokujikeleza.
Izici zezulu ezithintaUkupakishwa kukagwayi wase-UK ubuchwepheshe Bheka ezimweni zezulu, ezifaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, umswakama, imvula kanye neqhwa, umoya kanye nemisebe yelanga, njll.
1. Isifo sohudo
Inani elingokomzimba eliveza izinga lokushisa nokubanda komkhathi, okungukuthi izinga lokushisa lomoya. Izinga lokushisa emkhathini livame ukubhekisa emazingeni okushisa agcinwe yisiteshi sezulu, okungukuthi, izinga lokushisa lomoya ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-2 ukusuka emhlabathini, ngaphandle kokujikeleza komoya okuhle.
I-Latitude yinto eyinhloko ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, ezilandelwa yindawo yendawo kanye nokuphakama. Izwe lethu linensimu enkulu, ngomehluko omkhulu ngokulingana kanye nesimo sezulu ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu eTurpan Basin lake lafika ku-48°C, ngenkathi uMohe, Heilongjiang, amazinga okushisa anolwazi aphansi njengoba no-50°C. Isifunda saseMpumalanga sinendawo eshisayo, eshisayo, efudumele, efudumele, ne-frigid kanye nezinye izimo zesimo sezulu ukusuka eningizimu kuya enyakatho. Ku-Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, kunezindawo eziphakeme zezintaba zasemakhaya kanye neminyaka eyindilinga yeqhwa. Izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu linezinguquko ze-diurnal nezonyaka, ezenza izinga lokushisa lomoya libe nezinguquko ze-diurnal kanye nonyaka. Lolu shintsho luyanda futhi lubangelwa ushintsho kwisabelomali sesabelomali somhlaba.
Amazinga okushisa ansuku zonke anenani eliphakeme nelincane. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu livela ngasempumalanga. Ngemuva kokuphuma kwelanga, kancane kancane umoya kuphakama, kufinyelela inani eliphakeme kakhulu phakathi kuka-14 no-15 ntambama, bese kuthi kancane kancane kwehla kuze kube yilapho ukuphuma kwelanga. Umehluko phakathi kokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu ngosuku nobusuku ubizwa ngokuthi yi-diurnal lokushisa uhla, oluhlobene ne-latitude, inkathi, i-topography, indawo ephezulu, isimo sezulu kanye nokuphakama.
Ushintsho lonyaka lokushisa lokushisa luphinde lube nenani eliphakeme nenani elincane (ngaphandle kwezindawo eziseduzane ne-liquator). Ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu konyaka kwenzeka ehlobo, ikakhulukazi ngoJulayi ezweni elikhulu nango-Agasti olwandle. Amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu kwenzeka ebusika, ikakhulukazi ngoJanuwari ezweni elikhulu nangoFebhuwari olwandle. Umehluko phakathi kokushisa okuphakathi kwenyanga eshisa kakhulu kanye nokushisa okuphakathi kwenyanga ebandayo kakhulu ngonyaka kubizwa ngokuthi uhla lokushisa lwaminyaka yonke. Ngokufanayo, ubukhulu bawo buhlobene nezinto ezifana ne-latitude, i-topography, izakhiwo zomhlaba, izimo zezulu kanye nokuphakama. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezishisayo, ububanzi bezinga lokushisa bonyaka obuphakathi ezwenikazi bungafinyelela kuma-20°C, ngenkathi ezindaweni ezisogwini kungenzeka cishe ngo-5°C, futhi uhla lokushisa lwaminyaka yonke alukho. Ibanga lonyaka likhulu kakhulu endaweni eshisayo, futhi liyanda ngokwengeziwe nokujula ezweni. Ibanga lonyaka osogwini lolwandle lubalelwa ku-15°C, ngenkathi ezwenikazi lingafinyelela ku-50 ~ 60°C.
Izinguquko zansuku zonke zokushisa zizoba nomthelela kwikhwalithi yokupakisha. Ezindaweni ezishisayo ezishisayo ngokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwe-diernal, ibanga lokushisa le-dirnal lingase lisondele kuma-30°C kungakapheli amahora angu-8 ukusuka ngaphambi kokunye. Umehluko omkhulu wokushisa wansuku zonke ungadala umswakama ojwayelekile ohlobene namaphakheji avaliwe.
Imisebenzi esemqoka yokupakishwa kokudla ukuvikela ukudla ekuphangeleni endaweni yokugibela, kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi, kuvikeleke ukungcoliswa yi-microorganisms kanye nokungcola kanye nokukhuthaza futhi kube nokwenza ngcono ukujikeleza kokudla, futhi kuthuthukise ukujikeleza kokudla. kanye nokuphathwa kwebhizinisi ukwandisa inani lempahla yokudla. Kuze kube manje, ukufakwa kokudla kwamukela uchungechunge lwezobuchwepheshe obusha nezinqubo, kufaka phakathi ubuchwepheshe bokudla baka-Retort Bag Packing, ubuchwepheshe bokudla obuqandayo, ukugcinwa okushaUkupakishwa kukagwayi wase-UK Ubuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha be-aseptic, njll. Ukuthatha ukupakishwa kwe-adeptic kweziphuzo zezithelo zezithelo njengesibonelo, sizohlaziya inqubo yokwakheka kweziphuzo zomkhiqizo wesiphuzo 1. Izici zeziphuzo zezithelo kanye nezidingo ezithile zokufaka
Ijusi lenziwa ngezithelo ezahlukahlukene, ezihlukahluka ekwakhiweni nasezakhiweni. Izici eziyinhloko ezihlobene nokupakishwa yi-acidity, enzyme, uvithamini C, umbala nephunga lejusi.
Zonke izithelo nama-juices aqukethe ama-organic acid emagcekeni ahlukahlukene. Ama-organic acid angagcina iphunga eliyingqayizivele lezithelo, linikeze abantu ukujabulela ukunambitha, futhi bayazuzisa impilo yabantu. Ngakho-ke, amazinga okupakisha akufanele avikele ama-organic acid kuphela kuma-juices wezithelo, kepha futhi avimba futhi ama-organic acid ekwakheni. Umphumela owonakalisayo wama-acid kumaphakeji. Ukudla kwejusi yezitheloUkupakishwa kukagwayi wase-UK ngokuvamile ingaphansi kuka-4,5. Amagciwane ngeke akhule ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile. Ukuwohloka kwejusi yezithelo kubangelwa yimvubelo kanye nobumba. Emazingeni okushisa ekamelo, amajusi aluhlaza awohloka ngenxa yokuvutshelwa kotshwala, okubangela ukuhlukaniswa kotshwala nezithelo ngenxa yemvubelo noma ukukhula kobumba ebusweni. Ukuvimbela impango, kufanele ifakwe inzalo ngokushesha ngokushisa okuphezulu
Okungukuthi, sebenzisa ipuleti noma ishubhu lokushisa elishintshile ukushisa ujusi ku-110°C bese uyigcina imizuzwana eyi-15, noma hlunga bese wengeza ukulondolozwa ukuqeda ujusi or kuvimbela imiphumela elimazayo yemvubelo. I-Vitamin C ejusi ilahlekile kalula, ikakhulukazi ezitsheni zensimbi ezinensimbi empofu, ithusi noma i-tin plating. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-ion wensimbi, uvithamini C uxiwadwa kalula. Ngakho-ke, ukupheka okusheshayo kunganciphisa umphumela we-ascorbic acid oxidase. , Dlulisa ukusabela kwe-oxidation futhi ukuvikela i-Vitamin C. Kusetshenziswa ukufakwa kwezindiza kanye nokuvikelwa kokuvikelwa kokushisa okuphansi kuzokwehlisa imali ephansi ye-Vitamin C. Ukungeza inani elithile le-sulfite ngesikhathi sokufaka uvithamini C. 2.
Umklamo we-Aseptic Packesing Isithako sejusi Ukudla kwejusi kufakwa inzalo ngokushesha emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, bese izinga lokushisa lehliselwa ku-20 ~ 30°C ukuhlangana nezidingo zokuqinisa inzalo. Ukupakishwa kwe-Aseptic of Fruit Juice Ukudla okufakwayo okufaka ujusi oyinyumba, iziqukathi zokupakisha kanye nezinto zokupakisha ezisetshenziswayo endaweni oyinyumba, futhi kusebenzisa umshini wokugcwalisa we-asepric ukugcwalisa nokubeka uphawu.
Iziqukathi zokupakisha ezisetshenziswa ekuphangethweni kwe-aseptic zifaka izinkomishi, amabhokisi, izikhwama, imigqomo, njll., Kanye nezinto zokwakha ikakhulukazi amafilimu ahlanganisiwe. Ikhwalithi yeUkupakishwa kukagwayi wase-UK Amabhokisi okwenziwe ngamafilimu ahlanganisiwe angu-8% walokho kwamabhodlela ezingilazi zevolumu efanayo. Akukhona nje ukuthi kube nezindleko eziphansi kuphela, kepha futhi kukhiqiza imfucuza encane, evumelana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Ukwakheka kanye nokwakhiwa okwenzeka ebhokisini lokupakisha we-adeptic kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 8-4. Okuqukethwe yibhokisi lefilimu eliyinhlanganisela, elihlanganiswe izingqimba eziyisithupha zezinto zokwakha, okungukuthi i-polyethylene / iphepha / polyethylene / i-aluminium foil / i-polyethylene / polyethylene / i-polyethylene, kanti ama-polyethylene / ama-5% angu-aluminium foil.
Ukuphrinta okucacile, okuhlanganisiwe kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukusika kanye nokushiswa kwephepha elingaphandle lebhokisi lokupakisha konke kuqediwe ngabakhiqizi abangochwepheshe futhi balethwe kwifektri yokufaka ifomu. Inyumbane evamile ebunjiweUkupakishwa kukagwayi wase-UK I-Carton emakethe inomthamo we-250ml, futhi ubukhulu bawo bukhonjiswa kuMfanekiso 8-4 (b). Umugqa oqinile esilinganisweni umele umugqa wokusika i-contour, umugqa wamachashazi umele umugqa we-inductation we-fold yangaphakathi, futhi umugqa onamachashazi umele umugqa we-inductation we-fold yangaphandle. Ukuhanjiswa kwempahla okufakwayo ukuthuthwa kwifektri yokupakisha kunesilinganiso esingama-800mm nobude obungama-800m. Cishe amabhokisi okupakisha angu-5,000 akhiwe ngesitini angu-250m angakhiqizwa.
Izidakamizwa ziyimpahla ekhethekile ethinta impilo nokuphepha komuntu, ngakho-ke kufanele zikhiqizwe ngekhwalithi ephezulu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo. Ezokuphepha zilungile. Umkhuba wokukhiqiza omuhle (GMP) wezemithi ezakhiwe yi-World Health Organisation (W0) ukusebenzisa ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi okuphelele kwinqubo yokukhiqiza yezemithi, njengokulawulwa kokugcina, kufaka phakathi izinqubo zokusebenza zokugcina zamafektri ezenza amakhambi. Kunemigomo ecacile kule ndawo, abasebenzi ababandakanyeka ekupakisheni kanyeugwayi wase-UKukuwowapha Iziqukathi, izinto zokupakisha, imishini yokufaka, izimpawu zokupakisha, njll. Izidingo eziqinile zabekwa phambili. Ngamaphakheji amafushane, amakhambi kufanele kuphephile futhi kunokwethenjelwa. Ukuvikelwa okuhle. Kulula ukucubungula. Ukugqugquzela ukuthengisa, ukuba kwezomnotho, okulula ukuyisebenzisa, kudlulisela imininingwane neminye imisebenzi
1.Uk ugwayi pukucibishiwe Izidingo zemithi ehlukahlukene.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi, kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zokupakishwa zifaka 1) umthelela wezinto zangaphandle ngesimo samabhodlela wezokwelapha. Imithi itholakala kakhulu ethonyeni lezimo zomzimba, zamakhemikhali, ze-microbial nezesimo sezulu. Isibonelo, emoyeni kanye nomoya oxhomekeke. Kulula ukwenza i-oxidize futhi kubangele ukutheleleka, kulula ukubola futhi kushintshe umbala lapho kuvezwa ukukhanya, futhi kulula ukuwohloka lapho kuthathwa khona lapho kuthambisa ukushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kudangele ukuthi kudalulwe ukusebenza kwayo. Kwesinye isikhathi, esikhundleni sokuphulukisa lesi sifo, kungadala ukugula nokubekezelela impilo yempilo engozini. kanjalo. Akunandaba noma ngabe ukwakheka, ukwakheka, ukuhlobisa ukwakheka kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto zokupakisha zokupakishwa kwemithi, into yokuqala okufanele uyicabangele ukusebenza kwayo okuvikelayo, okungukuthi, ukugcina ukusebenza komuthi. Isikhathi esijwayelekile semithi semithi iminyaka emi-2, kanti abanye bangafinyelela iminyaka engaphezu kwe-3. Ngakho-ke, ukupakisha kufanele futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi izithako zemithi zizinzile ngesikhathi sokuvunyelwa futhi ngeke ziwohloke. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithi yemithi ziwohloka ngezindlela ezihlukile. Imithi eqinile efana namathebulethi kanye namapoki atholakala emswakama. Lapho amazinga okushisa kanye nomswakama ushintsha, ukwakheka kwawo kanye nekhwalithi kancane kancane kuzoshintsha kancane. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokuthi amaphilisi anoshukela abe manzi, ingaphezulu lizovela ngokudiliza futhi lizovela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imifantu izonciphisa okuqukethwe kwezithako eziphambili zesidakamizwa futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kwayo. Esinye isibonelo yinto ebabayo ye-powders kanye nemifino ngemuva kokuthola umsele, futhi okunciphisa ukusebenza kahle nekhwalithi yemithi. U-Liquid noma imijovo neminye imishanguzo ayitholwanga ukuthambekela komswakama, kepha ithambekele kwi-oxidation lapho ihlangana nomoya, okuzoshintsha nezinto eziphambili zomuthi futhi zibangele ukuguquguquka. Noma ukuhanjiswa kwezulu: Eminye imishanguzo ingcoliswe kalula ngamagciwane, isikhunta nesikhunta futhi siwohloka, silahlekelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenza kwawo futhi sibe yimikhiqizo ephansi.
Izidakamizwa ezi-Viscous ezifana nama-ejenti athambisa azothambisa, noma ahlukanise i-oxidation kanye nombala wokushintsha ngaphansi kwezinguquko zokushisa nokuvezwa kokukhanya. Izidingo ezi-2 zezidakamizwa. Okokuqala, isimo sengqondo sesiguli kanye nezidingo zesiguli kufanele zibhekwe, futhi imininingwane eyanele kufanele ifakwe ukuze abathengi bakwazi ukuqonda izithako kanye nokwakha ingemuva lesidakamizwa, ukusebenza kahle kwalesi sifo, nokuthi ungakuthatha kanjani. Idizayini kufanele ikhombise umuzwa wokuphepha nokwethembana futhi kufanele kube lula ukuyisebenzisa, ukuthwala nokugcina. Kufanele futhi kubhekwe njengento elungele ukupakisha ezishintshayo ukuze uthuthukise umkhiqizo. Ithebula 8-6 libonisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamafomu we-dosage yemithi kanye namafomu okupakisha asetshenziselwa ukubhekelwa.
2. Idizayini yezemithiUkupakishwa kukagwayi wase-UKImisebenzi evikelayo.
Ngokusekelwe kwimvelo yokujikeleza yezemithi, njengokushisa, umswakama, umoya-mpilo, ukukhanya, njll., Kanye nezimpawu zezindlela zomuthi wezemithi, izinqubo ezifanele zokufaka nezinto zokwakha kufanele zikhethwe design zokufaka okuvikelayo. Ngemithi ethintekiswa kalula ngumswakama, kufanele kusetshenziswe izinto zokupakisha zomswakama.
Ukusatshalaliswa komswakama ohlobene emhlabeni kushintsha ngobukhulu. Kusuka e-equator kuya eduzane nasemithabeni (cishe 35°), umswakama ohlobene wehla nge-latitude eyandayo. Lapho uguquka usuka maphakathi ne-latitude kuya ku-latitude ephezulu, njengoba izinga lokushisa liyancipha kancane kancane, umswakama ohlobene ukhuphuka nge-latitude eyandayo.
Indawo eseningizimu yoMfula iYangtze ezweni lami inomswakama onomswakama ojwayelekile, onomswakama ophakathi nonyaka wama-70% kuya ku-80% kanye nomswakama ngokuphelele we-1.6 kuya ku-2.4kpa; Inani elihlanganayo lesikhathi somswakama wonyaka esingenhla ngaphezulu kwama-80% ama-akhawunti angama-50% wamahora wonyaka wonyaka. Amahora ane-akhawunti yomswakama engama-90% yokungaphezulu kwama-25% konyaka. Umswakama wonyaka ophakathi nendawo onesihloko esilinganiselwe esise-Yellow River Basin ngu-70%, futhi umswakama ngokuphelele yi-1.2kpa; I-Northeast China
Umswakama wonyaka ophakathi nendawo onesivumelwano sendawo uneminyaka engama-70%, futhi umswakama ngokuphelele u-0.8kpa kuphela.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Jun-05-2024