Esikhathini lapho ukusimama kanye nokuqaphela imvelo kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu, izikhwama zephepha ziye zavela njengenye indlela ethandwayo kunezikhwama zepulasitiki zendabuko. Kodwa ingabe wake wazibuza ukuthi lezi zikhwama eziguquguqukayo nezivumelana nemvelo zenziwa kanjani? Kulesi sihloko esiphelele, sizohlola inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokwenzaizikhwama zephepha, ukuhlola isinyathelo ngasinye ukusuka ekutholeni impahla eluhlaza kuye emkhiqizweni wokugcina. Ngakho-ke, ake siqale lolu hambo oluthakazelisayo ukuze siqondebenza kanjaniizikhwama zephepha.
Isingeniso
Isidingo seizikhwama zephephaiye yanda eminyakeni yamuva, iqhutshwa ukuqwashisa okukhulayo komthelela omubi wemvelo wamapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye. Ngokungafani nezikhwama zepulasitiki, ezingathatha amakhulu eminyaka ukubola,izikhwama zephephaziyakwazi ukubola, okuzenza zibe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kubathengi abazimisele ukwehlisa umkhondo wabo wemvelo. Kodwa yini ngempela engena ekwenziweni kwalezi zinto zansuku zonke? Ake sithole.
1. Ukuthola Impahla Engavuthiwe
Uhambo lokudalaizikhwama zephephakuqala ngokukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zekhwalithi ephezulu. Isithako esiyinhloko esisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeniizikhwama zephephai-pulp yokhuni, etholakala ezihlahleni ezinjengophayini, i-spruce, ne-hemlock. Lezi zihlahla zivunwa emahlathini aphethwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inani lazo liyagcwaliswa. Uma sezivuthiwe, izinkuni zithuthelwa ezigayweni zephepha lapho zenza khona izinqubo eziningana ukuze ziguqule zibe yiphepha elisebenzisekayo.
2. I-Pulping and Bleaching.izikhwama zephepha）
Emshinini wokugaya amaphepha, ukhuni lugaywa lube izingcezu ezincane bese luxutshwa namanzi ukuze lube udaka. Le ngxube ibe isishisisiwe futhi iphekwe ukuze iphule i-lignin, i-polymer eyinkimbinkimbi yemvelo ehlanganisa imicu ye-cellulose ndawonye okhunini. Into ewumphumela yaziwa ngokuthi i-pulp. Ukuze kuzuzwe ubumhlophe nokukhanya okufunayo, i-pulp ingena inqubo yokuhlanza kusetshenziswa i-hydrogen peroxide noma amanye amakhemikhali. Lokhu akuthuthukisi nje kuphela ukubukeka komkhiqizo wokugcina kodwa futhi kusiza ekususeni noma yikuphi ukungcola okungenzeka kube khona ku-pulp.
3. Ukwakhiwa Kwephepha (izikhwama zephepha）
Uma i-pulp isilungisiwe, yendlalwa ebhandeni elinenetha elinyakazayo, elivumela amanzi ukuba aphume, kushiye ungqimba oluncane lwemicu. Lolu ungqimba lube selucindezelwa futhi lomiswe ukuze lwenze iphepha eliqhubekayo. Ukuqina namandla ephepha kungalungiswa phakathi nalesi sigaba ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zomkhiqizo wokugcina.
4. Ukusika nokugoqa.izikhwama zephepha）
Ngemva kokuba iphepha selakhiwe, lisikwa libe amashidi osayizi oyifunayo kanye nokuma kusetshenziswa imishini yokusika ngokunemba. Lawa mashidi abe esegoqwa ngemigqa enqunywe kusengaphambili ukuze kwakheke isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sesikhwama sephepha. Iphansi lesikhwama ngokuvamile liqiniswa ngezendlalelo ezengeziwe zephepha ukuze kwandiswe amandla alo nokuqina, okuqinisekisa ukuthi lingakwazi ukuthwala imithwalo esindayo ngaphandle kokudabula.
5. I-Gluing ne-Bottom Tuck.izikhwama zephepha）
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhwama sephepha singabamba ukuma nokuqukethwe kwaso ngokuphepha, imiphetho yesikhwama ihlanganiswe ndawonye kusetshenziswa i-adhesive encibilikayo eshisayo. Lokhu kwakha isibopho esiqinile esivimbela isikhwama ukuthi singaqhekeki ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Ukwengeza, ingxenye engezansi yesikhwama ivamise ukufakwa ngaphakathi ukuze kudaleke ukubukeka okuphelile futhi kunikeze ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kokuqukethwe. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi isikhwama sihlala sinjalo futhi sisebenza kuwo wonke umjikelezo waso wokuphila.
6. Bamba Okunamathiselwe.izikhwama zephepha）
Isinyathelo sokugcina kule nqubo sihlanganisa izibambo esikhwameni sephepha. Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene, njengezinto eziyisisekelo, iglue, noma ukufaka uphawu ngokushisa. Uhlobo lwesibambo esisetshenzisiwe luzoncika ezintweni ezinjengokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kwesikhwama, ubukhulu baso, nesisindo sokuqukethwe kwaso. Abanye abakhiqizi bakhetha izibambo eziyisicaba ezenziwe ngempahla yephepha efanayo, kuyilapho abanye basebenzisa izibambo ezisontekile ezenziwe ngemicu yemvelo ukuze baqinise amandla kanye nokukhanga kobuhle.
Umthelela Kwezemvelo weIzikhwama Zamaphepha
Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kunganiizikhwama zephephaziye zaba ethandwa kangaka eminyakeni yamuva izinzuzo zabo kwemvelo kuqhathaniswa bendabuko izikhwama plastic. Ngokungafani nezikhwama zepulasitiki, ezingathatha amakhulu eminyaka ukubola,izikhwama zephephaziyabola futhi zingabhidlika ngokwemvelo phakathi nendaba yamaviki noma izinyanga. Lokhu kubenza babe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kubathengi abafuna ukunciphisa indawo yabo yemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho,izikhwama zephephazenziwe ngezinsiza ezivuselelekayo, njengezihlahla, okusho ukuthi azifaki isandla ekucekeleni phansi kwezinsiza ezingavuseleleki njengowoyela noma igesi yemvelo. Ukwengeza, ukukhiqizwa kweizikhwama zephephakudinga amandla amancane kunokukhiqizwa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki, okuqhubeka nokunciphisa umthelela wazo jikelele wemvelo.
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, ukwenzaizikhwama zephephakuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ebandakanya izinyathelo eziningi, kusukela ekutholeni izinto zokusetshenziswa kuye kwezibambo zokunamathisela. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokuyinkimbinkimbi kwayo, umphumela wokugcina ungumkhiqizo oguquguqukayo futhi ohambisana nemvelo ophelele ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi. Ngokukhethaizikhwama zephephangaphezu kwepulasitiki, abathengi bangasiza ekunciphiseni umthelela wabo kwezemvelo futhi babe negalelo ekusaseni elisimeme. Ngakho-ke ngokuzayo lapho ufinyelela isikhwama sephepha esitolo, khumbula ukuthi benza kanjani izikhwama zephepha futhi uzizwe kahle ngokwenza umehluko omuhle emhlabeni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-23-2024