Esikhathini lapho ukusimama kanye nokuqonda imvelo kuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu, izikhwama zamaphepha ziye zavela njengendlela ethandwayo esikhundleni sezikhwama zepulasitiki zendabuko. Kodwa wake wama wazibuza ukuthi lezi zikhwama eziguquguqukayo nezinobungani nemvelo zenziwa kanjani? Kulesi sihloko esibanzi, sizohlola inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokwenzaizikhwama zephepha, sihlola isinyathelo ngasinye kusukela ekutholeni izinto ezingavuthiwe kuya emkhiqizweni wokugcina. Ngakho-ke, ake siqale lolu hambo oluthakazelisayo lokuqondaindlela abazenza ngayoizikhwama zephepha.
Isingeniso
Isidingo se-izikhwama zephephakuye kwanda kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, kubangelwa ukuqwashisa okwandayo ngomthelela omubi wepulasitiki esetshenziswa kanye kuphela endaweni ezungezile. Ngokungafani nezikhwama zepulasitiki, ezingathatha amakhulu eminyaka ukubola,izikhwama zephephaziyabola, okwenza zibe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kubathengi abafisa ukunciphisa ukuthinteka kwabo kwemvelo. Kodwa yini ngempela ehilelekile ekwenzeni lezi zinto zansuku zonke? Ake sithole.
1. Ukuthola Izinto Ezingavuthiwe
Uhambo lokudalaizikhwama zephephakuqala ngokukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Isithako esiyinhloko esisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweniizikhwama zephephaiyi-pulp yokhuni, etholakala ezihlahleni ezifana nephayini, i-spruce, kanye ne-hemlock. Lezi zihlahla zivunwa emahlathini aphethwe ngendlela eqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani lazo liyagcwaliswa. Uma sezivuniwe, izinkuni zithuthwa ziyiswe emishinini yamaphepha lapho zidlula khona ezinqubweni eziningana ukuze ziguqulwe zibe yiphepha elisebenzisekayo.
2. Ukudonsa Nokuhlikihla (Pulping and Bleaching)izikhwama zephepha）
Emshinini wokugaya iphepha, ukhuni luqotshwa lube yizicucu ezincane bese luxutshwa namanzi ukuze kwenziwe udaka. Le ngxube iyashiswa bese iphekwa ukuze kuqhekeke i-lignin, i-polymer eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa imicu ye-cellulose ndawonye okhunini. Into ephumayo yaziwa ngokuthi i-pulp. Ukuze kufezwe ubumhlophe nokukhanya okufunekayo, i-pulp idlula enkambisweni yokumhlopheza kusetshenziswa i-hydrogen peroxide noma amanye amakhemikhali. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukubukeka komkhiqizo wokugcina kodwa futhi kusiza ukususa noma yikuphi ukungcola okungaba khona ku-pulp.
3. Ukwakheka Kwephepha（izikhwama zephepha）
Uma i-pulp isilungisiwe, isakazwa ebhandeni elihambayo le-mesh, elivumela amanzi ukuthi aphume, kushiye ungqimba oluncane lwemicu. Lolu ngqimba luyacindezelwa bese lomiswa ukuze kwakhiwe iphepha eliqhubekayo. Ubukhulu namandla ephepha kungalungiswa phakathi nalesi sigaba ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zomkhiqizo wokugcina.
4. Ukusika Nokugoqa（izikhwama zephepha）
Ngemva kokuba iphepha selibunjiwe, lisikwa libe amashidi anobukhulu nesimo esifunwayo kusetshenziswa imishini yokusika ngokunemba. Lawa mashidi abe esegoqwa ngemigqa enqunyiwe ukuze kudalwe isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sesikhwama sephepha. Ingxenye engezansi yesikhwama ivame ukuqiniswa ngezingqimba ezengeziwe zephepha ukuze kwandiswe amandla nokuqina kwaso, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi singathwala imithwalo esindayo ngaphandle kokudabula.
5. Ukunamathela kanye ne-Bottom Tuck（izikhwama zephepha）
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhwama sephepha singabamba ukuma kwaso nokuqukethwe kwaso ngokuphephile, imiphetho yesikhwama ihlanganiswa ndawonye kusetshenziswa inhlaka eshisayo encibilikayo. Lokhu kudala isibopho esiqinile esivimbela isikhwama ukuthi singaqhekeki ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingaphansi lesikhwama livame ukuvalelwa ngaphakathi ukuze kudalwe ukubukeka okuqediwe futhi kuhlinzeke ngesivikelo esengeziwe sokuqukethwe. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi isikhwama sihlala siqinile futhi sisebenza kahle kuyo yonke impilo yaso.
6. Isinamathiseli Sesibambo (i-Handle Attachment)izikhwama zephepha）
Isinyathelo sokugcina kule nqubo ukufaka izibambo esikhwameni sephepha. Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene, njengezibambo eziyisisekelo, iglue, noma ukuvala ukushisa. Uhlobo lwesibambo esisetshenziswayo luzoncika ezintweni ezifana nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kwesikhwama, ubukhulu baso, kanye nesisindo sokuqukethwe kwaso. Abanye abakhiqizi bakhetha izibambo ezisicaba ezenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo zephepha, kanti abanye basebenzisa izibambo ezisontekile ezenziwe ngemicu yemvelo ukuze baqinise futhi bakhange ubuhle.
Umthelela Wezemvelo weIzikhwama Zephepha
Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kunganiizikhwama zephephasezithandwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yezinzuzo zazo zemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhwama zepulasitiki zendabuko. Ngokungafani nezikhwama zepulasitiki, ezingathatha amakhulu eminyaka ukubola,izikhwama zephephaziyabola futhi zingabola ngokwemvelo zingakapheli amasonto noma izinyanga. Lokhu kuzenza zibe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kubathengi abafuna ukunciphisa ukuthinteka kwabo kwemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho,izikhwama zephephazenziwe ngezinsiza ezivuselelekayo, njengezihlahla, okusho ukuthi azibangeli ukuncipha kwezinsiza ezingavuseleleki njengowoyela noma igesi yemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kweizikhwama zephephakudinga amandla amancane kunokukhiqizwa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki, okunciphisa kakhulu umthelela wazo jikelele kwezemvelo.
Isiphetho
Ekuphetheni, ukwenzaizikhwama zephephakuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ehilela izinyathelo eziningi, kusukela ekutholeni izinto zokusetshenziswa kuya ekunamathiseleni izibambo. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kobunzima bayo, umphumela wokugcina uwumkhiqizo oguquguqukayo futhi onobungane nemvelo ofanele ukusetshenziswa okubanzi. Ngokukhethaizikhwama zephephaNgaphezu kwepulasitiki, abathengi bangasiza ekunciphiseni umthelela wabo kwezemvelo futhi banikele ekusaseni elizinzile. Ngakho-ke ngesikhathi esizayo lapho uthatha isikhwama sephepha esitolo, khumbula ukuthi benza kanjani izikhwama zephepha futhi uzizwe kahle ngokwenza umehluko omuhle emhlabeni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-23-2024