Umthelela wezinto zokupakisha emvelweni kanye nezinsizakusebenza
Izinto zokwakha ziyisisekelo kanye nokwandulela kokuthuthuka kwezomnotho nakwezenhlalo nakwezenhlalo. Esezinhlelweni zokuvunwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukukhishwa, ukulungiselela, ukukhiqiza, ukukhiqiza, ukucubungula, ukuthutha, ukusetshenziswa nokulahlwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezenhlalo nakwezomnotho kanye nenqubekela phambili yempucuko yabantu, ngakolunye uhlangothi. Iphinde futhi idle amandla amaningi nezinsizakusebenza, futhi ikhipha igesi eningi imfucuza, amanzi angcolile kanye nezinsalela zokungcola, ukungcolisa indawo yokuhlala yabantu. Izibalo ezahlukahlukene zikhombisa ukuthi, kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kobuntu obuhlobene namandla namandla kanye nezizathu zokungcoliswa kwemvelo, izinto zokwakha kanye nokwenza izinto ezibalulekile ezibangela ukushoda kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza ngokweqile kanye nokuncipha. Ngokuchuma kwezimpahla kanye nokukhuphuka okusheshayo kwemboni yokufaka, izinto zokupakisha nazo zibhekene nenkinga efanayo. Ngokusho kwezibalo ezingaphelele, ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kwe-capita kwezinto zokupakisha emhlabeni kungu-145kg ngonyaka. Phakathi kwamathani ayizigidi ezingama-600 wemfucumfucu eqinile ekhiqizwa emhlabeni njalo ngonyaka, imfucumfucu yokupakisha ingamathani ayizigidi eziyi-16, accounting for 25% yevolumu yawo wonke udoti wasemadolobheni. I-15% yesisindo. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi inani eliphakeme kangaka lizoholela ekungcoleni okukhulu kwezemvelo kanye nokuchitha izinsizakusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ikakhulu, "ukungcoliswa okumhlophe" okubangelwa imfucumfucu yokupakisha yepulasitiki engeke yehliselwe iminyaka engama-200 kuye kwangama-400 kusobala futhi kuyakhathaza.
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Umthelela wezinto zokupakisha emvelweni nasezinsizakalweni uboniswa ezicini ezintathu.
(1) Ukungcola okubangelwa inqubo yokukhiqiza yezinto zokupakisha
Ekwenziweni kwezinto zokupakisha, ezinye izinto ezingavuthiwe ziyacutshungulwa ukwakha izinto zokwakha, futhi ezinye izinto ezingavuthiwe ziba ukungcola futhi zikhishwa emvelweni. Isibonelo, igesi ekhishwe imfucuza, amanzi engcolile, ama-desare asele nezinto eziyingozi, kanye nezinto eziqinile ezingakwazi ukuphinda zisetshenziswe kabusha, zibangele ukulimala endaweni ezungezile.
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(2) Isimo esingewona esiluhlaza sempahla yokufaka uqobo idala ukungcola
Izinto zokupakisha (kufaka phakathi ama-excipients) zingangcolisa okuqukethwe noma imvelo ngenxa yezinguquko ezezalo zamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) inokuqina okungekho emthethweni. Emazingeni okushisa athile (cishe angu-14 ° C), i-hydrogen kanye ne-chlorine enobuthi kuzovunyelwa, okuzongcolisa okuqukethwe (amazwe amaningi evimbela i-PVC njengokupakishwa kokudla). Lapho kuvutha, i-hydrogen chloride (HCI) ikhiqizwa, okuholela emvuleni ye-acid. Uma ukunamathela okusetshenziselwa ukufakwa kususelwa ku-solvent, kuzokwenza futhi ukungcola ngenxa yobuthi bayo. Amakhemikhali we-Chlorofluorocarboocarbocarbocarbocarbocarbocarbocarbocarbocarbocarbocarbocarboncarbon
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(3) Ukungcola kwezinto zokupakisha kubangela ukungcoliswa
Ukupakisha ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esisodwa, futhi cishe ama-80% enani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yokupakisha iba imfucuza. Ngokombono womhlaba wonke, imfucuza eqinile eyakhiwe ngokufaka ama-akhawunti kadoti cishe cishe ngo-1/3 wekhwalithi yemfucuza eqinile yasemadolobheni. Izinto ezihambisanayo zokufaka zibangela imfucuza enkulu yezinsizakusebenza, kanye nezinto eziningi ezingezinhlelekile noma ezingezona ezenziwa kabusha zakha ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu yokungcoliswa kwemvelo, ikakhulukazi itafula lepulasitiki elinakulahlwa. "Ukungcoliswa okumhlophe" okwakhiwa izikhwama zokuthenga ukungcoliswa okukhulu kakhulu emvelweni.
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Isikhathi sePosi: Nov-14-2022